Title: Ratio, Proportion, Rate
1???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????
2?????
- ????? ? ??????
- ???? (ratio)
- ????? (proportion)
- ????? (rate)
- ???? (odds)
- ????? ? ?????????
- ???? (prevalence)
- ????
- ???? ????? (cumulative incidence)
- ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? (incidence rate or
density)
3What, who is in the denominator ? ???
4????
- ???? ????? ?? ???
- ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????
- ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???
5???? ???? ?? ????
- ???? ??? ?? ???? ????
- 850 ??? ????? ?? 10 ????
- 85 ??? ?? ???? ?? ????
- ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????
- 28 ??? ????? ?? 2
- 14 ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????
- ???? ????
- ????? ????? /????? ????
- ???? ???? (odds ratio)
6?????
- ???? ????? ?? ???
- ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ???
- ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????
- ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ?? ???
2
--- 0.5 50
4
7???? ?????
- ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????
- 6 ??? ?? 24 ???
- 25/0
- 25 ????
8???? (Odds)
?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??
??????
- ????? ?????? ?????
- ???
??? ?? - --------------------------------------------------
-------------------- - 20 4
24 - --------------------------------------------------
--------------------
20 / 24 Odds
------------- 5 TO 1 4 / 24
9?????
- ???? ????? ?? ???
- ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???
- ???? ???
- ????? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????
?????? - ???? ???
- ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????
- (????? ?? ???? ???)
- ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???
10???? ?????
- ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
- ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? 82 26000 ???
- ????? ?? ??? 82 68 ?????? ???
- ????? ???
- 26000/ 68000000 38/100,000/year
- ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? 10??? ?? ????
(100? 1000? 100000)
11?????? ??? ???? ??????
- ????
- ????? ?????? (????? ???? ? ????) ?? ????? ?? ????
?? ??? - ????
- ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???
- ???? ?????
- ????? ????
12????
????? ????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????
???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
- ?????? (proportion) ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????
?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? - ????
- ?? ??? 1979? ?? 350000 ????? ?? ????? 96200 ???
????? ?? ????????????? ????? - ???? 6/27
13- ???? ???? ??( Point Prevalence)
- ???? ???? ??(Period Prevalence)
- ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????
- 1-????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???
???.(???? ????) - 2-??? ???? ??????(Duration)
- P I D
14????? ??????? ????
- ????? ??? ???(????? ????????? ????)
- ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??????(?????
???, ????? ?????? ????,??? ???? ????? ??????? ??
????????) - ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????.
- ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?
?? ????? ?? ??? ?????.(?????,??????,??? ??????
????) - ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???.
- ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????
????(????? ?????)
15???? ????? (????)
????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????
???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
- ????
- ?? ?? ??? 1979? ?? ??? 350000 ????? ?? ??????
1250 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? - ???? ????? 6/3 ?? 1000 ?? ???
- ???? 6/27
16???? ?????
CI assumes that entire population at risk
followed up for specified time period
x
Risk
x
x
x
x
CI 7/12 per year 0.58 per year
x
x disease onset
x
Month12
Month 1
17B
A
18????? (?????) ????
????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????
???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???
- ?? ????? ????? ???
- ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???
- ???? ???
- ?? ??? ???? ???
- ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????
??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???
19 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01
Time at risk
A B C D E
6.0 6.0 11.0 9.5 5.0
x
x
Total years at risk
37.5 - time followed x disease
onset
ID 2 / 37.5 person- years 0.053
person-year
20?????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ??? ??????
Prevalence
Duration
21????
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Ratio males/women2/7 Prevalence
March1 3/8 Proportion of women2/922 Cumulativ
e Incidence March-July 4/6 24month observation/4
people getting the disease Incidence density4/6
in 24month
22????? ??????? ????
- ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????????(??? ?
????) - ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???.(????
?????)
23???? ???
- ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???.
- ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???.
- ??? ???
- ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????
?????. - ???????? ??? ,??????? ? ????? ???
24????? ???????????
25- ?????
- ???(???? ?? ?????)
- 1-????(Ratio)
- 2-??? ?????(Proportion)
- 3-?????(Rate) ??? ????? ????? ??? ???.?????
???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???.?????? ?? ???
?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????
?? ???.
26- (????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???) K
- ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????
- 1-???????? ?????(Morbidity)
- 2-???????? ??????(Mortality)