Weight and Balance

1
Weight and Balance
2
Weight

• Aerodynamic Stability
• Control
• Overall Performance

3
Excessive Weight
4
Excessive Weight

• Higher takeoff speed
• Longer takeoff run
• Reduced rate and angle of climb
• Lower maximum altitude

5
Excessive Weight

• Shorter range and endurance
• Reduced cruise speed and maneuverability
• Higher stall speed
• Higher landing speed and longer landing roll

6
Maximum Limits

• Maximum ramp weight
• Maximum takeoff weight
• Maximum landing weight
• Maximum zero fuel weight

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Center of Gravity Limits

• Center of Gravity
• Reference Datum
• Arm
• Moment

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Center of Gravity Limits

• MAC
• LEMAC
• TEMAC

9
Forward CG Effects

• Higher takeoff speed and ground roll
• Reduced rate and angle of climb
• Lower maximum altitude
• Reduced maneuverability

10
Forward CG Effects

• Higher stalling speed
• Reduction in performance caused by increased
  tail-down loading
• Reduced pitch authority

11
Beyond Aft CG Effects

• Decreased stability and increased susceptibility
  to over control
• Increased risk of stalls and spins of which
  recovery may be difficult or impossible

12
Lateral CG Effects

• Fuel imbalance
• Aileron positioning
• Decreased cruise speed, range, and endurance

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WeightBalance Documents

• Weight and Balance Report
• Equipment List
• Empty Weight center of gravity
• Licensed empty weight
• After 1979 changed to Basic empty weight
• Useful load

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W B Computations

• Moment indexes
• Center of Gravity found by dividing the total
  moment by the total weight
• Computation Method
• Graph Method
• Table Method

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Weight Shift Computations
Weight of Cargo Moved Distance CG
moves Airplane weight Distance
Between Arm locations