Title: Post confederation immigration (1867-1914)
1Canadas Immigration Policy in the 20th Century
- Post confederation immigration (1867-1914)
- Mid-20th century immigration (1919-1969)
- Recent patterns (1970-present)
21. Post confederation immigration (1867-1914)
- People have been coming to Canada for many years
31. Post confederation immigration (1867-1914)
- Canada needed to fill up the West with people
they did not have so they opened the doors to
immigration - When asked what he thought was a good quality
immigrant, Canadas minister responsible for
immigration said that - I think that a stalwart peasant in a sheepskin
coat, born to the soil, with a stout wife and a
half dozen children, is good quality - Clifford Sifton, Ministry of Interior
(1896-1905)
41. Post confederation immigration (1867-1914)
- Immigration Act of 1906 and 1908
- Immigration Act passed to stop undesirable
immigrants - Expanded the list of prohibited immigrants
- Allowed deportation of immigrants for a variety
of reasons within 5 years of immigration - Chinese Immigration Act amended to increase those
under the head tax and expand list of prohibited
persons - New Act allowed Canada to prohibit immigrants
belonging to any race deemed unsuitable and
expanded deportation grounds to include
immorality and political offences
51. Post confederation immigration (1867-1914)
62. Mid-20th century immigration (1919-1969)
- 1952 Immigration Act
- Allowed refusal on grounds of nationality, ethnic
group, area of origin, peculiar customs,
unsuitability re climate, rate of assimilation,
sexual orientation, etc.
72. Mid-20th century immigration (1919-1969)
82. Mid-20th century immigration (1919-1969)
- 1962
- removal of much racial discrimination with new
immigration regulations - 1966
- White paper promoting a balance in immigration
policies between economic interest of the country
and family relationships - 1967
- Points system introduced
92. Mid-20th century immigration (1919-1969)
103. Recent patterns (1970-present)
- 1971 Immigration Act
- Multiculturalism policy announced
- Many immigrants and refugees from new source
countries - 1978 Immigration Act
- New Immigration Act which identified 3 class of
immigrants - 1. family class
- 2. refugee class
- 3. independent class
- Immigrants would be awarded points based on
education, knowledge of French or English, job
experience, occupational needs of Canada
11Immigration Act of 1978
- First piece of legislation that attempted to
comprehensively set out Canadas rules and
objectives for immigration
Economic Reasons -recruit workers whose skills are needed -recruit immigrants with resources () -avoid recruiting workers where no shortage exists in Canada Humanitarian Reasons Allow for families to reunite Allow people to escape persecution Allow self-supporting people to come to Canada if they wish
12Immigration by source area 1965
13Immigration by source area 1975
14Immigration by source area 1992
151971 - Official Multiculturalism
- PM Pierre Trudeau introduces the policy after the
findings of the Bilingualism Bicultural
Commission - The goal of official multiculturalism
- To assist cultural groups in Canada to carry on
their own cultural practices and activities - To assist cultural groups to overcome any
barriers to their participation in any aspect of
Canadian life - To promote relations between all cultural groups
- To assist immigrants to learn either French or
English so that they may become
full-participating members in Canadian life - As we go through the next section of the
PowerPoint, try to remember these goals and think
about how they apply to education and curriculum
development.
167 Theoretical Conceptualizations of Multicultural
Education
- Authors
- Gibson, Banks and Banks, Rezai-Rashti, Magismo
171. Multicultural Education as Education for
Common Values
- Monocultural and targets all students
- Gives a sense of national identity
- Classroom practices emphasize universal values
and methodologies - Values some cultures more than others
- Problem Does not work for diversity in the
classroom
182. Multicultural Education as Education of the
Culturally Different
- Equalizes educational opportunities for
culturally different students - The curriculum relates to minority students
- Problem Contains the implicit notion of the
superiority of one culture over others which
leads to monocultural education - Problem It also negates the importance of
engaging mainstream society
193. Multicultural Education as Education for
Cultural Understanding
- Recognizes cultural diversity in Canada
- Promotes cultural understanding
- Promotes an appreciation for cultural
similarities and differences - Fosters social cohesion by removing bias for
textbooks - Problem It does not empower students from
non-dominant backgrounds -
204. ME as Education for Cultural Accommodation
- Rejects segregationist ideologies, cultural
pluralism is the goal - Awareness of the power and dignity of ones
ethnic group would enhance academic success and
lead to equality - The main beneficiaries are students from diverse
backgrounds - Problem Minority groups receive more benefits
then the dominant groups
215. Bicultural Education
- Seeks to produce a student who is able to operate
across group boundaries - It equalizes economic opportunities for
mainstream and minority students - Problem Mainstream culture will not necessarily
benefit from competencies in a 2nd culture.
226. ME as Education for Cultural Preservation
- Advocates the maintenance of ethnic boundaries
- Group interests supersede the interests of the
wider society and ethno-cultural groups take
control of their own destinies - Problem It violates the principle of individual
freedom, particularly for young people who are
kept in ignorance and attain unable to make
decisions for themselves
237. ME as Education for Multicultural Adaptation
- Aims to teach people competencies that would
enable them to operate in two or more cultures
within a society - All students can benefit from this and can give
up their original cultural affiliation if they
wished - Think of immersion classes, courses in different
languages, ethnic studies and multicultural
extracurricular activities - Problem It is not necessarily true that
associations with a single ethnic or cultural
group is essential for establishing a positive
self-image.
24Criticisms of Multicultural Education
- Making everything culturally relevant and
inclusive will not necessarily reduce failure
rates among culturally different students. - May result in the fragmentation of society into
cultural and ethnic groups that will prevent the
formation of a truly national identity. - Multicultural Education fails to directly address
problems of racism, it simply provides minority
students with something to identify with in
curricula
25Alternatives to Multicultural Education
- Anti-racist education Seeks to address racism
directly. - Alternative schools for minorities Attempts to
give minorities the same advantages as the
dominant culture in the mainstream education
system.
26Goodbye
- THANK YOU VERY MUCH?
- ROCK ON JINSHITAN!!!!