ENDS 375

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ENDS 375

• Foundations of Visualization
• 10/25/2005 Notes

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Kinematics

• Key Pose
• Joint Angles Interpolation
• linear, ease-in/out, splines
• Forward Kinematics
• angles for all joints at each key frame
• Inverse Kinematics
• manipulate end effectors
• solve for the others (may use constraints)

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Dynamics

• Simulate Physical Behavior
• Include Mass
• Include Forces
• gravity, friction, ...
• Animate by Controlling Forces
• Constraints (variable forces)
• Collisions

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Particle Systems

• Particle system is a collection of particles that
  evolve over time
• Particle - small 3D point mass
• velocity, color, shape, size, age,
• They live - are born, exist, then die

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Particle Systems

• Particle Emitters
• the particle sources
• can be points, curves, sufaces
• stochastic or random properties
• age, color, velocity, size, ...

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Particle Systems

• Controls
• force fields - gravity, wind, turbulence,
  vortices, attractors, repulsors,
• collisions
• Rendering - visual substitutions
• points, lights, spheres, blobbies, sprites,
• Basis for hair, grass, etc - trajectories

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Procedural Animation

• Flocking Systems
• Individual behaviors
• rules, environment sensing,
• Goal Directed
• Motion planning
• Motion implementation
• Behavioral Animation

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Motion Capture

• Real time sampling of actors
• Position and orientation sensors
• Acoustic
• Magnetic
• Mechanical
• Optical
• Data Channels
• Filtering

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Crowd Systems

• Large numbers of extras
• Procedural
• Action cycles
• massive - LOR

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Facial Animation

• Facial Expression
• Lip Sync
• Shape interpolation
• Blend shapes
• Muscle based

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Lessons from Cinematography

• The language of film
• a system or grammar of visual communication

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Elements of Film Grammar

• Shots
• scenes made up of sequences of shots
• Scenes
• film is a sequence of scenes
• Movement
• camera and actors
• Distances
• long, full, medium, close, close-up, ...

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Camera Motions

• static - people move in front of the camera
• camera moves toward, across or away from static
  actors
• both camera and actors move

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Camera as the eyes of the audience

• zoom, pan, tilt
• dolly, track, crane
• first person - subjective
• third person - observer

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Editing

• Interleaving shots
• Sequencing the shots and scenes
• master, long, close-up,

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Parallel Editing

• Alternation of two or more centers of interest
• Show action and then reaction
• Only include the peak moments

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Line of Action or Interest

• Established by main action
• or
• established by relationship of actors

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TheTriangle Principle

• choosing camera placements
• use a triangular structure
• only on one side of the line of action
• many variations
• external reverse angles
• internal reverse angles
• parallel, right angle, subjective, ...

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Visual Punctuation

• Punctuation joins the elements
• Straight Cuts
• Opticals
• fades, dissolves, wipes, ...

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Shot Matching

• When editing shots together
• need to match screen position,
• direction of movement,
• and where actors arelooking

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Where to cut

• cuts based on actions or movements
• cut on movement
• entering, existing, or within screen
• cut just after movement
• usually forward, on same visual axis
• cut-away shot, then back

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Compressing/Expanding Time

• Cutting out real elapsed time
• keep only essential action, dialogue, ...
• Extending time through overlapping shots
• showing parts of same action again
• with different points of view, distances, ...