Macromolecular Differences

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Macromolecular Differences

• AP Biology
• Central Gwinnett
• Fall 2012

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Macromolecular Groups

• Carbohydrates CHO
• Lipids CHO or CHOP
• Proteins CHON or CHONS
• Nucleic Acids - CHONP

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Carbohydrates

• Monomer
• Monosaccharides
• /simple sugars
• Glucose, Maltose, Fructose, Lactose
• Dimer Disaccharide
• Sucrose
• Polymer
• Chitin, cellulose
• Glycogen, starch

• Functions
• Structure
• Chitin
• Cellulose
• Quick NRG
• Mono Disaccharides
• Longer term NRG
• Starch
• Glycogen
• 4 cal/g

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Which category are these, what are their
functions?
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Lipids

• Monomer
• Fatty Acids
• Glycogen
• Polymer
• Triglycerides
• Phospholipids
• Cholesterol

• Functions
• Structure
• Basic cell membrane structure
• Stabilizes Membrane Structure
• NRG
• Condensed NRG storage
• 9 cal/g

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Fatty Acids
Fatty Acid
Triglyceride
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Phospholipid
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Which category are these, what are their
functions?
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Proteins

• Monomer
• Amino Acids
• Polymer
• Polypeptides
• Interactive Groups
• True Proteins

• Functions
• Structure
• Transport
• Enzymes
• Storage
• Receptor
• Defensive
• Hormonal
• Contractile

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Amino Acids
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Primary Protein Structure

• Sequence of Amino acids within the amino acid
  chain

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Secondary Protein Structure

• Folding of structure due to hydrogen bonding
• Starts 3D structure of Proteins
• Produces
• Alpha Helix or Beta Sheet

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Tertiary (3rd)Level of Protein Structure

• Polypeptide twisted into complex 3D shape by
  different forces
• (see next page)

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(No Transcript)
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Quaternary Protein Structure

• Interaction between 2 or more polypeptide chains
• Creates a Geometric Protein whos shape
  determines its function

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Quaternary structures
Fibrous Collagen Globular Hemoglobin
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Importance of Structure
Normal RBCs Sickle Celled Erythro
(red) cytes (cells)
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Nucleic Acids

• Genetic Material
• Nucleotide Monomer
• Nucleotides are made of
• Pentose sugar
• Nitrogenous base
• Phosphate group

• DNA Nucleotide
• Deoxyribose sugar
• Adenine, Thymine, Guanine Cytosine nitrogenous
  bases
• RNA Nucleotides
• Ribose sugar
• Uracil instead of Thymine

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Phosphate
Nitrogenous Bases
Pentose Sugar (Deoxyribose)
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• DNA Ladder

Many Nitrogenous Base Pair rungs
2 Phosphate Sugar sides
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Base rungs
DNA Double Helix
Sugar-Phosphate sides