Parts of Speech

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Parts of Speech
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Nouns

• Common vs. proper
• Common-a person, place, thing, or idea
• Ex. celebrity
• Proper-a specific person place thing or idea
• Ex. Katy Perry

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Common vs. Proper practice

• Cotton from Egypt has long, silky fibers.
• Common cotton and fibers
• Proper Egypt
• Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky.
• Common none
• Proper Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky
• Paul and his brother stopped to see the animals.
• Common brother, animals
• Proper Paul

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Concrete vs. Abstract

• Concrete a noun that is material
• Perceived by the senses
• you can touch and see this type of noun
• Ex. chair, house, car
• Abstract a noun that is immaterial
• An idea, quality or state
• You cannot touch or see this
• Ex. Kindness, love, hate

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Concrete vs. Abstract Practice

• A silver bullet should be used to kill a
  werewolf.
• Concrete bullet, werewolf
• Stories of monsters have always created suspense.
• Abstract suspense
• Concrete monsters, stories

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Compound nouns

• A noun made up of two words combined together to
  form one word
• Ex. Flowerpot, southeast
• The teacher writes our assignments on the
  chalkboard.
• I can see your footprint in the sand.

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Collective Nouns

• A noun that appears singular, but denotes a group
  of persons or objects
• Ex. Herd, clergy, jury
• The pack of coyotes tried to eat my dog.
• A flock of birds flew toward me so I ran away.

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Pronouns

• Personal pronouns
• A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or
  another pronoun.
• Antecedent-the word the pronoun replaces
• Types of personal pronouns

Singular Plural
First Person I, me (my, mine) we, us (our, ours)
Second Person you (your, yours) you (your, yours)
Third Person he, him, she, her, it (his, her, hers, its) they, them (their, theirs)
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Personal Pronouns

• Replace the noun with appropriate pronouns.
• Tarzan wondered where Jane was.
• He wondered where she was.
• Tarzan and Jane were having a romantic dinner
  together.
• They were having a romantic dinner together.

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Personal Pronouns

• Identify the antecedent in the following
  sentences and the pronoun which it replaced.
• When dinosaurs walked the earth, they were
  impressive indeed.
• P-they
• A-dinosaurs
• Experts on dinosaurs say that they were the
  largest land animals ever.
• P-they
• A-experts
• Imagine the excitement a scientist would feel
  when he or she found dinosaur bones!
• P-he or she (if the gender is unknown, you must
  use he or she!)
• A-scientist

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Indefinite Pronouns-refer to people, places or
things without specifying which one

• 3 types singular, plural or both
• Singular use with is
• another everyone nothing
• anybody everything one
• anyone much other
• anything neither somebody
• each nobody someone
• either no one something
• everybody
• Everybody is going to the mall
• Someone left his or her planner in the classroom.

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Indefinite Pronouns-Plural

• Use with are
• both
• few
• many
• others
• several
• Example Both of them are going to the store
• Example Several of their friends are going on
  vacation.

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Indefinite Pronouns-Singular or Plural

• all
• any
• more
• most
• none
• some
• Use the subject to determine whether the personal
  pronoun is singular or plural.
• Some of the jam is grosse.
• Jam is singular, so you use is
• Several of the containers were missing their
  labels.
• Containers is plural, so you use the pronoun
  their

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Indefinite Pronouns Practice

• All of the students in the class enjoyed (their,
  his or her) time away from class.
• Their-students is plural, therefore the matching
  pronoun is plural as well
• Everybody brought (his or her, their) backpack
  with dry socks and shoes.
• His or her- Everybody is a singular indefinite
  pronoun
• Few in the group could resist (his or her, their)
  love for outdoor cooking.
• Their-few is plural so the personal pronoun that
  corresponds must be plural as well

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Verbs

• A word used to express action or describe a state
  of being
• 2 different types of verbs
• 1. action-express an action that the subject of
  the sentence is carrying out
• Examples Donald laughed.
• Jane wrote a novel.
• Erma made some soup. (Shes engaged in the
  making of soup)
• 2. linking-the verb links the complement back to
  the subject (the complement must give some
  information about or description of the subject)
• Examples Donald is funny.
• The novel became a bestseller.
• The soup smelled wonderful.

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Transitive Verbs vs. Intransitive Verbs

• Transitive-an action verb that appears with a
  direct object
• Direct object a person or thing that receives
  the action of the verb
• Example Simon met a pie-man, going to the fair.
• Example Simon bought a pie.
• Intransitive-an action verb without a direct
  object
• Example Sam snores.
• Example Sally sneezed.
• Example The children snickered.
• Example All of the flowers wilted in the sun.

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Auxiliary Verbs (helping verbs)

• Combine with verbs to form verb phrases
• Example would have been climbing
• Common auxiliary verbs be, had, do, might,
  would, will, must, could, would
• Hint To identify verbs, use the WILL test
• If you can put WILL in front of a word and the
  result is grammatical, then that word must be a
  verb.

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The WILL Test for Verbs

• Noun-Should we get another round?
• Verb-The horses round the last post and head for
  home.
• Adjective-He put a small, round pebble in his
  pocket.
• NOW APPLY THE WILL TEST!
• Noun-Should we get another (will) round?
• Verb-The horses (will) round the last post and
  head for home.
• Adjective-He put a small, (will) round pebble in
  his pocket.

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Adverbs

• Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other
  adverbs
• Clue to help you remember
• ADVERB-modifies verbs
• ADVERB-modifies adjectives
• ADVERB-modifies other adverbs

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Adverbs

• Answer the questions where, when, how, and to
  what extent
• Where-Put the new bookcases there, please.
• When-Tomorrow, the painters begin work on our
  house.
• How- Speak softly when you come into the nursery,
  so you dont wake up the baby.
• To what extent-The babys room is nearly complete.

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Adverbs Practice

• I genuinely love teaching.
• Today, I will be dressed up in a costume.
• I hope to attain a doctorate in literature
  someday.

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Adverbs vs. Adjectives
Adverbs Adjectives
Modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs Answers a. where? b. when? c. how? d. to what extent? 3. Many adverbs end in ly -dont overlook the ones that dont though! Modify nouns and pronouns Answers a. what kind? b. which one? c. how many? 3. Common adj. suffixes a. ous (humorous) b. ious (hilarious) c. ible (horrible) d. able (capable) e. ent (apparent) f. ant (tolerant) g. -ic (gothic) h. al (magical) i. y (funny) k. st (last)
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Adverbs vs. Adjectives Practice

• State if the underlined word is an adverb or
  adjective.
• 1. She rarely brings a pencil to class, and I
  always give her a different one every day.
• Rarely is an ________
• Different is an________
• Every is an _________
• 2. Julie is honestly the best dancer I have
  coached.
• Honestly is an _________
• Best is an ____________

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Prepositions

• Shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun
  and another word in the sentence
• Almost always comes BEFORE the noun
• That is why it is called a preposition
• Common prepositions about, by, during, on,
  under, to
• Example He is going to the store.
• Preposition
• Noun/pronoun
• Example The toy is for you.
• Preposition
• Noun/pronoun

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Prepositions

• Indicate location
• The puppy is on the floor.
• The puppy is in the trash can.
• The puppy is beside the couch.
• On, in and beside are showing where the puppy is.

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Prepositions

• Compound prepositions
• Prepositions formed from more than one word
• Examples according to, in place of, because of,
  and instead of, as of, next to, out of, prior to
• Can also show location in time during, since
• At midnight, Jack and Jill went to a showing of
  Breaking Dawn Part II.
• During the marathon, my legs began to cramp.
• Prepositional phrase preposition object

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Prepositions
Subject verb preposition noun
The food is on the table.
She lives in Japan.
Tara is looking for you.
The letter is under your blue book.
Pascal is used to English people.
She isnt used to work.
I ate before the wedding.