Surface Water

1
Surface Water

• Chapter 9

2
Water Cycle

• Also the _________ cycle
• Driving force is the ____
• Review condensation, precipitation,
  transpiration, evaporation, infiltration
• Runoff

3
Runoff

• Water flowing __________ along Earths surface
• Due to __________
• Can reach a body of water, _________, or ________
  the ground
• The path the water takes depends on
• Soil composition
• Rate of precipitation
• ___________
• Slope

4
Streams

• If water does not infiltrate the ground or
  _________, it eventually collects and forms
  ________________
• All streams flow downslope to - ______ elevations
• ___________ are rivers that flow into other
  streams

5
Stream systems

• ___________ all the land area whose water
  drains into a stream system
• Can be large or small
• _________ high land area that separates
  watersheds
• Water flows away from the divide

6
Stream Load

• Material that a stream ________
• Carried in three ways
• __________ all particles small enough to be held
  up by the turbulence of the water
• Faster water carries _______ particles
• Bed load the sand, pebbles and cobbles that the
  streams water can ____ or ____ along the bed of
  the stream
• Can cause _________
• Solution materials can be _________ in a
  streams water

7
Stream Carrying Capacity

• The ability of a stream to _______ material
• Depends on
• ________
• Shape of channel, amount of friction
• Amount of water
• ________ volume of water that passes a point in
  a given time period

8
Floods

• Occur when water spills over the sides of a
  streams ______
• _________ flat area outside of stream banks
  covered by excess water
• Natural _______ continuous ridges formed from
  sediment deposited over time by floods

9
Flood Stages

• Crest _________ point the water level reaches
  in a stream
• _____ ______ when the water level in the stream
  is higher than its banks
• Upstream flood _____ area
• ___________ flood large region
• Can cause extensive damage

10
Monitoring and Warning

• National Weather Service
• FEMA
• US Geological Survey