Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)

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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
References AR 350-30 Code of Conduct/SERE
FM 21-78 Resistance Escape FM
21-76 Survival
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
PURPOSE
To ensure each individual soldier is prepared and
has confidence in their ability, should the need
arise, to accomplish SERE under all conditions
which may be encountered in carrying out the
units primary or contingency misson.
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL
1. Train in different environments, emphasizing
physical fitness.
2. Learn about the area you are in or going to be
operating in.
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL (enemies)

• Pain
• Cold
• Heat
• Thirst
• Hunger
• Fatigue
• Boredom
• Loneliness

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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
KEY WORD SURVIVAL
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
Size up the situation Undue haste makes
waste Remember where you are Vanquish fear and
panic Improvise Value living Act like the
natives Live by your wits
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL
S
ize up the situation


Size up the situation, surrounding and equipment.
Decide a course of action, using the 5Ws and
any special equipment you have or will need to
create to accomplish the actions
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL
U
ndue haste makes waste
When it comes to survival, not doing an action is
often more important than doing one. Act, dont
react. Careful planning is the key to success
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL
R
emember where you are.
This is a basic principle and should always be
followed. If you have a map and a compass,
always know where you are. If you do not have a
map, try to make one. Knowing where you are and
where you are going is of utmost importance.
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL
V
anquish fear and panic
These are the greatest enemies of survival. They
destroy the ability to make sound decisions,
causing you to react to feelings and imagination
rather than the situation.
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL
I
mprovise
Learn to use the natural things around you for
different needs. No matter how complete a
survival kit you have, it will run out. Your
imagination will not. Use it.
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL
V
alue living
Everyone has a strong will to live. In a
survival situation many things combine to wear
you down. Dont give in, a stubborn refusal to
give in to obstacles will give you the mental and
physical power to endure.
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL
A
ct like the natives
The natives can be human or animal. They have
adapted to the local environment, by observing
and following their example, valuable clues can
be learned on how to survive. Food and water are
both required by all living things, by watching
others you can locate sources of both.
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SURVIVAL
L
ive by your wits
Learn basic skills. The time to learn basic
skills for survival is now. It is too late to
train for survival once you are in a survival
situation.
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
Factors and Conditions that help to the will to
survive

• Sense of responsibility loyalty to country
• Family and home ties the desire to return home
• Control of Panic
• Planning
• Patience
• Endure (all negative conditions must be overcame)
• Strong help the weak
• Self-preservation

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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
EVASION

• Eluding the enemy
• Surviving
• Returning to friendly forces

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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
EVASION PRINCIPLES

• Cover and Concealment
• Take your time
• Conserve food and equipment
• Rest and sleep
• Conserve strength, as much as possible

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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
EVASION KEYS TO REMEMBER

• MOVE FROM IMMEDIATE AREA AND SEEK COVER
• RELAX, TAKE YOUR TIME AND PLAN
• PERIODS OF TRAVEL ARE MOST VULNERABLE
• AVOID PRE-EXISTING SHELTERS
• OBSTACLES CAN BE BOTH ASSET AND HINDERANCE

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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
RESISTANCE
The act of withstanding enemy attempts to
indoctrinate you or pressure you into accepting
your captivity on their terms.
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
RESISTANCE
OBJECTIVE OF INDOCTINATION

• GET SMALL GROUP OF CAPTIVES TO BELIEVE THE SIDE
  OF THE CAPTORS IS BEST
• UNDERMINE THE FAITH/TRUST OF THE OTHER CAPTIVES
  IN THEIR LEADERSHIP, GOVERNMENT AND FELLOW
  CAPTIVES

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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
RESISTANCE
METHODS OF INDOCTRINATION

• Repetition
• Harassment
• Humiliation

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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
RESISTANCE
DEFENSE AGAINST INDOCTRINATION

• Confidence in
• Yourself
• Family
• Unit
• Country
• Religion

Be very uncooperative
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
ESCAPE
IT IS THE DUTY OF EVERY SOLDIER TO ATTEMPT TO
ESCAPE IF CAPTURED BY ENEMY FORCES, AS STATED IN
THE CODE OF CONDUCT
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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
ESCAPE
PRINCIPLES OF ESCAPING

• Early escape has best chance of success
• Transit toward rear will provide opportunities to
  escape
• Quick actions without hesitation are required
• Use everything to your advantage
• low light, friendly or enemy fire, vehicles,
  front line soldiers inexperience handling captive

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Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE)
SUMMARY

• Key word SURVIVAL
• Elude the enemy, survive and return to friendly
  forces
• Resist indoctrination and giving life threatening
  information
• Esacape and assist others in escaping, IT IS YOUR
  DUTY

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DESERT SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES
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PATTERN FOR SURVIVAL Develop a survival pattern
that lets you beat the enemies of survival. This
survival pattern must include food, water,
shelter, fire, first aid, and signals placed in
order of importance. For example, in a cold
environment, you would need a fire to get warm a
shelter to protect you from the cold, wind, and
rain or snow traps or snares to get food a
means to signal friendly aircraft and first aid
to maintain health. If injured, first aid has top
priority no matter what climate you are
in. Change your survival pattern to meet your
immediate physical needs as the environment
changes.
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REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH

• Water
• Your body loses water through normal body
  processes(sweating, urinating, and defecating).
  During average daily exertion when the
  atmospheric temperature is 20 degrees Celsius (C)
  (68 degrees Fahrenheit), the average adult loses
  and therefore requires 2 to 3 liters of water
  daily. Other factors, such as heat exposure, cold
  exposure, intense activity, high altitude, burns,
  or illness, can cause your body to lose more
  water.

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• You must replace this water.
• Dehydration results from inadequate replacement
  of lost body fluids. It decreases your efficiency
  and, if injured, increases your susceptibility to
  severe shock.

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• Consider the following results of body fluid
  loss
•          A 5 percent loss of body fluids results
  in thirst, irritability, nausea, and weakness.
•          A 10 percent loss results in dizziness,
  headache, inability to walk, and a tingling
  sensation in the limbs.
•          A 15 percent loss results in dim
  vision, painful urination, swollen tongue,
  deafness, and a numb feeling in the skin.
•          A loss greater than 15 percent of body
  fluids may result in death.

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• The following are basic guidelines for the
  prevention of dehydration
•          Always drink water when eating. Water
  is used and consumed as a part of the digestion
  process and can lead to dehydration.
•          Acclimatize. The body performs more
  efficiently in extreme conditions when
  acclimatized.
•          Conserve sweat not water. Limit
  sweat-producing activities but drink water.
•          Ration water. Until you find a suitable
  source, ration your water sensibly. A daily
  intake of 500 cubic centimeter (0.5 liter) of a
  sugar-water mixture (2 teaspoons per liter) will
  suffice to prevent severe dehydration for at
  least a week, provided you keep water losses to a
  minimum by limiting activity and heat gain or
  loss.

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• Food
• Although you can live several weeks without food,
  you need an adequate amount to stay healthy.
  Without food your mental and physical
  capabilities will deteriorate rapidly, and you
  will become weak. Food replenishes the substances
  that your body burns and provides energy. It
  provides vitamins, minerals, salts, and other
  elements essential to good health. Possibly more
  important, it helps morale

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• INTENSE SUNLIGHT AND HEAT
• Intense sunlight and heat are present in all arid
  areas. Air temperature can rise as high as 60
  degrees C (140 degrees F) during the day. Heat
  gain results from direct sunlight, hot blowing
  sand-laden winds, reflective heat (the sun's rays
  bouncing off the sand), and conductive heat from
  direct contact with the desert sand and rock

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• If traveling in hostile territory, follow the
  principles of desert camouflage
• Hide or seek shelter in dry washes (wadis) with
  thicker growths of vegetation and cover from
  oblique observation.
• Use the shadows cast from brush, rocks, or
  outcroppings. The temperature in shaded areas
  will be 11 to 17 degrees C (52 to 63 degrees F)
  cooler than the air temperature.
• Cover objects that will reflect the light from
  the sun.

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• SANDSTORMS
• Sandstorms (sand-laden winds) occur frequently in
  most deserts. The Seistan desert wind in Iran and
  Afghanistan blows constantly for up to 120 days.
  Within Saudi Arabia, winds typically range from
  3.2 to 4.8 kilometers per hour (kph) (2 to 3
  miles per hour mph) and can reach 112 to 128
  kph (67 to 77 mph) in early afternoon. Expect
  major sandstorms and dust storms at least once a
  week.

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• The greatest danger is getting lost in a swirling
  wall of sand. Wear goggles and cover your mouth
  and nose with cloth. If natural shelter is
  unavailable, mark your direction of travel, lie
  down, and sit out the storm.
• Dust and wind-blown sand interfere with radio
  transmissions. Therefore, be ready to use other
  means for signaling, such as pyrotechnics, signal
  mirrors, or marker panels, if available

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DESERT HAZARDS

• There are several hazards unique to desert
  survival. These include insects, snakes, thorned
  plants and cacti, contaminated water, sunburn,
  eye irritation, and climatic stress

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• Insects of almost every type abound in the
  desert. Man, as a source of water and food,
  attracts lice, mites, wasps, and flies. They are
  extremely unpleasant and may carry diseases. Old
  buildings, ruins, and caves are favorite habitats
  of spiders, scorpions, centipedes, lice, and
  mites. These areas provide protection from the
  elements and also attract other wildlife.
  Therefore, take extra care when staying in these
  areas

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• Wear gloves at all times in the desert. Do not
  place your hands anywhere without first looking
  to see what is there. Visually inspect an area
  before sitting or lying down. When you get up,
  shake out and inspect your boots and clothing.

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• All desert areas have snakes. They inhabit ruins,
  native villages, garbage dumps, caves, and
  natural rock outcroppings that offer shade. Never
  go barefoot or walk through these areas without
  carefully inspecting them for snakes. Pay
  attention to where you place your feet and hands.
  Most snakebites result from stepping on or
  handling snakes. Avoid them. Once you see a
  snake, give it a wide berth.

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HOSTAGE SURVIVAL
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HOSTAGESTRATEGIES

• Determine sensitivity
• Active listener
• Adaptation Vs. Adoption
• Improper description
• Do not discuss hostage takers religion
• Establish rapport

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HOSTAGESTRATEGIES

• Establish rapport
• Eye contact
• Casual conversation
• Photos
• Accept their culture
• Language
• Food
• Cultural idiosyncrasies

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PERSONALCONTINGENCYPLANNING
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PERSONALCONTINGENCY PLANNING

• PERSONAL AFFAIRS - power of
  attorney - will
  - finances
• BRIEFCASE CONTENTS
• MEDICINE
  - asthma
  - heart condition -
  diabetes

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MOMENTOF CAPTURE
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• RESIST

DANGER OF BEING A HOSTAGE VS DANGER OF RESISTING
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MOMENTOF CAPTURE

• Most dangerous time
• - adrenaline
• - weapons
• Provocation for violence
• Escape may be unrealistic
• Odds favor the hostage taker

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TO IMPROVESURVIVAL ODDS

• Remain calm
• Control instinctive behavior
• Follow instructions
• Create a non-threatening image
• Avoid personal injury

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MOMENTOF CAPTURE

• Resist or Surrender

• Blindfolds, gags, drugs
• Stay alert

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DURINGTRANSPORT

• Remain alert
• Use senses of hearing and smell
• Collect information
• Analyze route

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STRESS

• The reaction of the body to any demand placed
  upon it and can result in significant
  psychological impact and unexpected or altered
  behavior.

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STRESSMANAGEMENT
STRESS
GOOD OR BAD
DEGREE OF CONTROL
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STRESSMANAGEMENT

• Confidence
• Physical condition
• Things that cause worry
• Sleep discipline
• Recreation
• Daily schedule
• Humor

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STRESSMANAGEMENT

• Maintain a positive mental attitude
• Talk through a situation
• Stop negative thoughts
• Religious values
• Communications
• Keep faith with fellow captives
• Meditation

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ANYONE CAN BECOME A VICTIM
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CODE OF CONDUCT GUIDANCEFOR PERSONNELDoD
INSTRUCTION 1300.21

• SUBJECT TO TERRORIST CAPTIVITY

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American personnel who become isolated from U.S.
Control in Peacetime, whether by Hostile
Government or Terrorist Action are required to do
everything in their power to follow DOD
policy.DOD policy in this situation is to
Survive With Honor.
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ADJUSTINGTO CAPTIVITY

• LIVING CONDITIONS
• Lowest level
• Dehumanization
• Peoples prison

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ADJUSTINGTO CAPTIVITY

• MAINTAIN DIGNITY
• Good appearance
• Cleanliness
• Positive attitude

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ADJUSTINGTO CAPTIVITY

• Fear
• Time
• Boredom

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ADJUSTINGTO CAPTIVITY

• Living conditions
• Fear
• Time
• Boredom
• Illness
• Isolation

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RESCUEORRELEASE
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RESCUE

• Drop to the floor and stay down
• Avoid sudden moves
• Follow rescue force instructions
• Do not try to assist rescue forces
• Anticipate rough handling

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RELEASE

• Follow instructions completely
• No sudden moves or noises

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AFTERMATH

• News media
• Debriefing
• Hostility toward government
• Guilt

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• SURVIVE WITH
• HONOR

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• QUESTIONS