Collecting P. philadelphica in central-southern Mexico

1
Collecting P. philadelphica in central-southern
Mexico
2
Research purposes

• To study the genetics of fruit size increase in
  tomatillo occurred under domestication. This
  will be carried out by association mapping
• To study the population structure in tomatillo
  results are useful for association mapping
• To study the phylogeographic history of tomatillo
• To Investigate where and how cultivated forms
  where domesticated history of domestication

3
Jalisco
Puebla
Guerrero
Oaxaca
Chiapas
4
Sources of collection of germplasm

• Undisturbed Vegetation
• Disturbed vegetation Wild forms or tomate de
  milpa
• Maize Fields Wild forms or tomate de milpa
• Cultivated fields small-fruited and
  large-fruited varieties
• Traditional markets Wild forms, small and
  large-fruited varieties
• Farmers stock small and large-fruited varieties

5
Other Physalis species collected Physalis
ampla Physalis angulata
6
Physalis ampla
7
Physalis angulata
8
Variation in fruit size
Wild
Domesticated
9
Tomate de milpa grows in maize fields called
milpas (Jalisco)
10
(No Transcript)
11
Cultivated field in Puebla
12
Tomatillo is very abundant today in traditional
markets in Mexico. It is the fifth most important
vegetable species cultivated in this country
23579 Ha were cultivated in 1990
13
Women harvest the fruits (November, Puebla)
14
(No Transcript)
15
Women process seeds for next growing season
(Puebla)
16
Fruits are stored in boxes
17
Ready to be sold
18
Diseases Coleoptera eat the leaves
19
Ethnobotany of the husk tomato
. The word tomate comes from the Nahuatl
indigenous word Ayacach tomatl and means
berry. . Local names Miltomate (oax), tomate
verde (Jal), tomatillo (Jalisco, Oax, Puebla),
tomate de cascara (Jal, Puebla, Oax, Chiapas),
tomate de hoja (Jalisco, Puebla). . Aztecs
cultivated the husk tomato with maize and used to
call it miltomate that means tomate de milli
or cultivated tomato with maize. It was used for
cooking and medicinal purposes.
20
Ethnobotany of the husk tomato
Uses Salsa Verde Infusion of calix to make the
dough for tamales Leaves and fruits to treat
headaches and stomachaches Juice to treat the
sore throats Cooked calix to treat diabetes
21
Sowing and Harvest Dates
Sowing
Harvest
Jalisco June
August-September Puebla July
September-October Oaxaca
August-September October-November Chiapas
September November
22
Number of germplasm collections available at
BANGEV, USDA and the new collections
23
(No Transcript)
24
Main Findings
New collections mainly from under-collected
states Oaxaca and Chiapas Great variation in
fruit size exist along the range of
distribution Truly wild forms were not found.
Wild forms are commonly associated with maize or
grow in disturbed habitats near cultivated
fields Local preferences in fruit type Purple
fruits in Jalisco, big and green fruits in
Puebla, yellow fruits in Guerrero, and small and
purple fruits in Chiapas The crop is still grown
on a traditional agricultural system