Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics

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Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics

• Test Review

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Plate Tectonics

• 1. When rock changes its shape due to stress,
  this reaction is called ____________________.
• deformation
• 2. The stress that occurs when two tectonic
  plates collide is called ____________________.
• compression

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Plate Tectonics

• 3. _________________________ is the theory that
  the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic
  plates that move around on top of the
  asthenosphere.
• Plate tectonics
• 4. The region where oceanic plates sink down into
  the asthenosphere is called a ___________.
• subduction zone

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Plate Tectonics

• 5.When Earth's magnetic poles change place, this
  is called a(n) ____________________ reversal.
• magnetic
• 6. _________________________ are underwater
  mountain chains that run through Earth's ocean
  basins.
• Mid-ocean ridges

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Plate Tectonics

• 7. _________________________ is the process by
  which new oceanic lithosphere is created as older
  materials are pulled away.
• Sea-floor spreading
• 8. The center of the Earth is called the
  ____________________.
• core

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Plate Tectonics

• 9. Anticlines and synclines are the result of
  ____________________.
• folding
• 10. The ridge in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean
  formed along a ____________________ boundary.
• divergent

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Plate Tectonics

• 11. Earth's ____________________ is liquid.
• outer core
• 12. _____ type of mountain is the only one that
  is formed by adding new material to the Earth's
  surface.
• volcanic

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Plate Tectonics

• 13. Mountains with sharp, jagged peaks, such as
  the Tetons, in western Wyoming, that are produced
  when sedimentary rock layers are tilted up by
  faulting are called ____ mountains.
• fault-block
• 14. The Mariana trench is the deepest point in
  the oceans11,033 m below sea level. This trench
  was formed at a ____ boundary, where one tectonic
  plate was subducted beneath the other.
• convergent

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Plate Tectonics

• 15. A ____ fault often results when opposing
  forces cause rock to break and move horizontally.
• strike-slip
• 16. The type of fault that often results when
  rocks are pulled apart due to tension is called a
  _____.
• normal fault

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Plate Tectonics

• 17. When horizontal stress acts on a rock, ____
  and ___form.
• synclines and anticlines
• 18. When two tectonic plates slide past each
  other horizontally, the boundary between them is
  called a _____.
• transform boundary

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Plate Tectonics

• 19. ____ is the process by which hot material
  from deep within the Earth rises while cooler
  material near the surface sinks.
• Convection
• 20. Wegener's continental drift theory suggests
  that at 245 million years a single landmass was
  surrounded by a sea called _____.
• Panthalassa

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Plate Tectonics

• 21. The North American plate consists _____.
• of both continental and oceanic crust
• 22. The thinnest part of a tectonic plate lies
  beneath _____.
• the middle of the ocean
• 23. There are_____ major tectonic plates.
• ten

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Plate Tectonics

• 24. The ____ is divided into tectonic plates.
• lithosphere
• 25. The ____ is made of solid rock that flows
  very slowly.
• asthenosphere
• 26. The word asthenosphere means _____.
• "weak sphere"

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Plate Tectonics

• 27. The word lithosphere means
• "rock sphere"
• 28. The soft layer of the mantle on which pieces
  of the lithosphere move is called the _____.
• asthenosphere
• 29. The strong, lower part of the mantle that
  lies beneath the asthenosphere is called the
  _____.
• mesosphere

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Plate Tectonics

• 33. The outermost, rigid layer of the Earth is
  called the _____.
• lithosphere
• 34. The diameter of the Earth's core is slightly
  larger than the diameter of _____.
• Mars
• 35. Scientists have learned that the mantle's
  composition has large amounts of _____.
• iron and magnesium

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Plate Tectonics

• 36. Earth's lightest materials make up the _____.
• crust
• 37. _____ appears to cause movement of Earth's
  tectonic plates.
• convection currents below the lithosphere
• 38. The speed of seismic waves depends on the
  ____ of the layer through which they travel.
• density

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Plate Tectonics

• 39. _____makes up most of the Earth's mass.
• Mantle
• 40. The type of mountain involving huge sections
  of the Earth's crust being pushed up into
  anticlines and synclines is the _____.
• folded mountain

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Plate Tectonics

• 41. The San Andreas fault is an example of a
  _____.
• transform boundary
• 42. The part of the Earth on which the tectonic
  plates are able to move is the _____.
• asthenosphere

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Plate Tectonics

• 43. The part of the Earth that is a liquid is the
  _____.
• outer core
• 44. The asthenosphere is the thinnest layer.
• False
• 45.Temperature and pressure increase toward the
  center of the Earth.
• True

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Plate Tectonics

• The inner core of the Earth is solid and made
  primarily of iron.
• True
• The crust is the Earth's only solid layer.
• False