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A2 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

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A2 PHYSICAL EDUCATION ATTITUDES Learning Objective What is an Attitude What are the components of Attitude How are Attitudes formed / developed. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: A2 PHYSICAL EDUCATION


1
A2 PHYSICAL EDUCATION
  • ATTITUDES

2
Learning Objective
  • What is an Attitude
  • What are the components of Attitude
  • How are Attitudes formed / developed.

3
DEFINITION OF ATTITUDE
  • ATTITUDES ARE A COMBINATION OF BELIEFS AND
    FEELINGS WE HAVE ABOUT ATTITUDE OBJECTS, WHICH
    PREDISPOSE US TO BEHAVE IN A CERTAIN WAY TOWARDS
    THEM.

4
ATTITUDE OBJECTS
  • AN ATTITUDE OBJECT MIGHT BE AN OBJECT ( FOR
    EXAMPLE A NEW TEAM STRIP) OR A PERSON, SITUATION,
    A PLACE OR CONCEPT.

NEW KIT
5
THE THREE COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE
  • THIS MODEL CONSISTS OF
  • A COGNITIVE COMPONENT THE KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS
    HELD ABOUT THE ATTITUDE OBJECT, I.E, FITNESS
    TRAINING.
  • AN AFFECTIVE COMPONENT THE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
    FEELINGS TOWARDS THE ATTITUDE OBJECT, I.E
    ENJOYMENT OF TRAINING
  • A BEHAVIOURAL COMPONENT THE INTENDED BEHAVIOUR
    TOWARDS THE ATTITUDE OBJECT, I.E. ATTENDING
    TRAINING SESSIONS REGULARLY.

COGNITIVE
ATTITUDE TO REGULAR EXERCISE
AFFECTIVE
BEHAVIOURAL
6
How could a PE teacher develop a young childs
attitude to sport
  • In a positive way
  • In a negative way

7
DEVELOPMENT OF ATTITUDES
  • ATTITUDES ARE LEARNED. THEY ARE ORGANISED
    THROUGH EXPERIENCE

8
  • THEY ARISE THROUGH DIRECT EXPERIENCE OR FROM
    OTHER PEOPLE OR A COMBINATION OF THE TWO

9
SIGNIFICANT OTHERS
  • SOCIALISATION IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF
    ATTITUDE. WE ACQUIRE MANY OF OUR DEEPLY ROOTED
    ATTITUDES WHEN YOUNG FROM LISTENING TO AND
    COPYING PARENTS AND PEERS.

10
PEOPLE WITH POSITIVE ATTITUDES TO SPORT
  • HAVE HAD SOME SUCCESS IN OR SATISFACTION FROM
    PARTICIPATING
  • BELIEVE IN THE VALUE OF THE ACTIVITY TO PROMOTE
    HEALTH AND WELL BEING.
  • HAVE BEEN ENCOURAGED BY SIGNIFICANT OTHERS.
  • HAVE OPPORTUNITIES TO CONTINUE PARTICIPTION.
  • ARE LIKELY TO BE WILLING TO TRY NEW ACTIVITIES.

11
PEOPLE WITH NEGATIVE ATTITUDES TO SPORT
  • MAY HAVE HAD NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES OF SPORT AND
    PE.
  • FIND SPORT FRUSTRATING OR BORING.
  • DONT BELIEVE IN ITS VALUE FOR HEALTH AND WELL
    BEING
  • LACK ENCOURAGEMENT OR HAVE BEEN DISCOURAGED.
  • HAVE LIFESTYLES THAT MAKE REGULAR PHYSICAL
    ACTIVITY DIFFICULT.

12
SPORT STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICE
  • A STEREOTYPICAL ATTITUDE IS ONE THAT LEADS THE
    HOLDER TO EXPECT PEOPLE CHARACTERISED AS
    BELONGING TO A PARTICULAR GROUP TO BEHAVE IN A
    CERTAIN WAY.

13
  • ALTHOUGH STEREOTYPES CAN BE POSITIVE, NEGATIVE
    STEREOTYPING HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN HOLDING
    BACK PARTICULAR GROUPS BY LIMITING OPPORTUNITY OR
    ACCESS.

14
EXAMPLES OF SUCH NEGATIVE STEREOTYPING ARE OR
HAVE BEEN
  • WOMEN IN CONTACT, STRENGTH, ENDURING SPORTS.
  • PARTICIPATION OF DISABLED IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
  • OLDER AGE GROUPS INTERESTS AND ABILITY IN
    SPORTS.
  • PARTICIPATION OF PARTICULAR ETHNIC GROUPS IN
    SPECIFIC SPORTS OR POSITIONS WITHIN TEAMS.

15
  • PREJUDICE ARISES FROM STEREOTYPING. A PREJUDICE
    IS AN ATTITUDE BASED ON INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE AND
    INFLEXIBLE BELIEFS.

16
ATTITUDE MEASURES
  • ATTITUDES ARE MEASURED BY QUESTIONAIRES CALLED
    ATTITUDE SCALES, WHICH RATE RESPONSES ON A
    SLIDING SCALE.

17
THESE INCLUDE
  • THURSTONES SCALE, ON WHICH STATEMENTS ARE RATED
    ACCORDING TO FAVOURABLENESS
  • LIKERTS SCALE, ON WHICH YOU AGREE OR DISAGREE
    WITH STATEMENTS
  • OSGOODS SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL, ON WHICH YOU RATE
    AN OBJECT USING A GIVEN SET OF WORDS

18
CHANGING ATTITUDES
  • IN SPORT, COACHES TRY TO CHANGE NEGATIVE
    ATTITUDES INTO POSITIVE ONES.
  • TWO USEFUL STRATEGIES INVOLVE PERSUASIVE
    COMMUNICATION AND COGNITVE DISSONANCE.

19
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
  • IT CAN BE EASIER FOR A COACH TO PERSUADE A
    PERFORMER TO CHANGE HIS ATTITUDE IF THE COACH IS
    AN EXPERT IN THEIR FIELD AND CAN COMMUNICATE
    CLEARLY, SO THAT INFORMATION IS RETAINED.
  • A ROLE MODEL CAN BE USED TO EMPHASISE THEIR POINT

20
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
  • CHALLENGING ONE OR MORE COMPONENTS OF AN ATTITUDE
    CAUSES UNEASE IN THE PERFORMER, WHICH COULD
    MOTIVATE HIM TO CHANGE HIS MIND. IN THIS WAY A
    COACH CAN CHALLENGE BELIEFS. THE COGNITVE PART OF
    THE ATTITUDE MIGHT BE CHALLENGED

21
FOR EXAMPLE
  • A RUGBY PLAYER MAY BELIEVE THAT AEROBICS IS NOT
    FOR HIM ITS TOO GIRLIE.
  • THE COACH TELLS HIM THAT SOME OF THE FITTEST
    PEOPLE DO AEROBICS TO IMPROVE STAMINA.
  • THIS ATTACK ON THE PLAYERS BELIEFS CAUSES A
    CHANGE OF ATTITUDE AND THE PLAYER NOW DOES
    AEROBICS TO KEEP FIT.

22
OTHER METHODS USED BY COACHES INCLUDE
  • POINTING OUT THE BENEFITS TO HEALTH
  • MAKING THE ACTIVITY FUN AND ENJOYABLE.
  • ALLOWING EASY INITIAL SUCCESS.
  • USING THE EXAMPLE OF ROLE MODELS.
  • USING REINFORCEMENT.
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