Glass

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Glass
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Composition PropertiesHistory Production
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What is Glass?

• Glass is a state of matter, not a substance.
• Glass combines some properties of crystals and
  some of liquids but is distinctly different from
  both.
• Glass has the mechanical rigidity of crystals,
  but the random disordered arrangement of
  molecules that characterizes liquids.
• Glass are usually formed by melting crystalline
  materials at very high temperatures. When the
  melt cools, the atoms are locked into a random
  (disordered) state before they can form into a
  perfect crystal arrangement.

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What is in glass?

• Silica (sand)
• Anhydrous Boric Acid
• Anhydrous Phosphoric Acid These include
• Soda Ash
• Potash
• Lithium Carbonate
• Limestone
• Litharge
• Alumina
• Magnesia
• Barium Carbonate
• Strontium Carbonate
• Zinc Oxide
• Zirconia

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Properties of Glass

• When created properly, glass can be
• Strong resists breaking when it has few surface
  imperfections is cooled slowly
• Hard surface resists scratches and abrasions.
• Elastic gives under stress - up to a breaking
  point - but rebounds exactly to its original
  shape.
• Chemical Corrosion-Resistant
• Thermal Shock- Resistant
• Heat-Absorbent
• Optical Properties
• Electrical Insulating

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The History of Glass

• When it was discovered
• How it was discovered
• Where it was discovered
• What its first uses were

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Discovery

• Natural glass, obsidian, is formed by volcanoes
  and has been used since the stone age for tools
• Glass was discovered by accident as part of the
  copper smelting process in 1000 b.c. in Phoenicia
  (modern day Lebanon)
• Glass was first used as beads in jewelry

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Ancient Glass vs. Modern Glass

• The chemical composition
• of glass has not changed much
• since ancient times

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In Ancient Rome

• Glass was so precious, the emperor Nero paid
  500 dollars for one goblet!

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The Island of Murano, Italy

• During 13th century Venice became the center of
  glassblowing. For safety, and to keep the
  process secret, the furnaces were moved to the
  Island of Murano, off the coast of Venice

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Millefiori A thousand Flowers
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Renaissance to Modern Day

• Glassblowing was a dying Art. Mechanized
  processes overtook the hand-blown quality of the
  art
• During the 1960s there was a rebirth of the Art
  Glass movement.
• Art Glass is increasingly popular since that time.

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Dale Chihulya modern master
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• Teamwork suits me.
• This is the way artists like Michelangelo
  worked.
• Dale Chihuly

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Venetian Vases

• With the assistance of Lino TagliapietraUnited
  States, Seattle, Washington, 1988Blown and
  hot-workedH (tallest) 44.9 cm89.4.9

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Learning to Blow Glass

• A glassblower is also called a gaffer

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Materials

• Glass cullet is melted in the furnace
• Frit different shapes and colors of glass added
  for interest, color and texture

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Tools

• The punti a long steel rod used to manipulate
  the glass
• The blow pipe used to actually blow the glass
• Molds used for shaping the glass

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The Finished Products
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Where can I go to learn to blow glass?

• Belle Meade Hot Glass Belle Meade, NJ
• Hot Soup Philadelphia, PA
• Corning Glass Museum Corning, NY
• Glassblowing.com Poughkeepsie, NY

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Resources

• http//www.historyforkids.org/learn/science/glass.
  htm
• http//www.eastfallsglass.com/
• http//glassevolution.com/index.php
• http//www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/barker/gall
  ery/index.php?RollIDgroup01FrameIDAc164273closm
  ille
• http//www.cmog.org/
• www.chihuly.com

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The End