The Great Depression

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The Great Depression
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1929-1939

• Stock market crash
• Didnt realize the effect it would have
• No money to replenish what was borrowed

Many found being broke humiliating.
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The Roaring 20s

• The new concept of credit
• People were buying
• Automobiles
• Appliances
• Clothes
• Fun times reigned
• Dancing
• Flappers
• Drinking

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Why was this bad?

• Credit system
• People didnt really have the money they were
  spending
• WWI
• The U.S. was a major credit loaner to other
  nations in need
• Many of these nations could not pay us back

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The Stock Market

• People bought stocks on margins
• If a stock is 100 you can pay 10 now and the
  rest later when the stock rose
• Stocks fall
• Now the person has less than 100 and no money to
  pay back

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And then.

• With people panicking about their money investors
  tried to sell their stocks
• This leads to a huge decline in stocks
• Stocks were worthless now
• People who bought on margins now could not pay
• Investors were average people that were now broke

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President Hoover

• Herbert Hoover was president at the start
• Philosophy Well make it!
• What He Did Nothing
• The poor were looking for help and no ideas on
  how to correct or help were coming

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What about the people?

• Farmers were already feeling the effects
• Prices of crops went down
• Many farms foreclosed
• People could not afford luxuries
• Factories shut down
• Businesses went out
• Banks could not pay out money
• People could not pay their taxes
• Schools shut down due to lack of funds
• Many families became homeless and had to live in
  shanties

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Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a
job.
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People in cities would wait in line for bread to
bring to their family.
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Some families were forced to relocate because
they had no money.
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Hooverville

• Some families were forced to live in shanty towns
• A grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots
• They were referred to as Hooverville because of
  President Hoovers lack of help during the
  depression.

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Hooverville
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Out of the Dust
The South and the Dust Bowl
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A drought in the South lead to dust storms that
destroyed crops.
The Dust Bowl
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The South Was Buried

• Crops turned to dustNo food to be sent out
• Homes buried
• Fields blown away
• South in state of emergency
• Dust Bowl the 1 weather crisis of the 20th
  century

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Two Families During the Depression
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A Farm Foreclosure
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Some families tried to make money by selling
useful crafts like baskets.
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FDR

• When he was inaugurated unemployment had
  increased by 7 million.
• Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50 of the pop.
  unemployed
• Instated the New Deal
• Yea! Frankie!

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• People everywhere were effected by the depression
• It wasnt till President Roosevelt took over and
  tried to put the economy back together that
  people even saw a glimmer of hope

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To Kill a Mockingbird
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Major Historical Happenings...

• Jim Crow Laws
• Scottsboro Trials
• Recovering from the Great Depression
• Racial Injustice
• Poor South

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Jim Crow Laws

• After the American Civil War most states in the
  South passed anti-African American legislation.
  These became known as Jim Crow laws.
• These laws included segregation in
• Schools -- Hospitals
• Theaters -- Water fountains
• Restaurants
• Hotels
• Public transportation
• Some states forbid inter-racial marriages

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• These laws were instituted in 1896 and were not
  abolished till the late 1950s (even then still
  not completely).

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Scottsboro Boys Trial

• 9 young African-American men (13-20) accused of
  raping 2 white girls in 1931
• Immediately sentenced to death
• Trials went on for nearly 15 years before all the
  men were dismissed

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• Started on a train bound for Memphis
• Several white men boarded and picked a fight with
  the black men
• Whites were forced off train by the 12 black men.
  The white men reported the the black men had
  raped two white girls on the train to authorities
• They were immediately arrested and tried in front
  of an all-white jury.

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The trials caused a huge uproar amongst the black
community.
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Harper Lee
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• Wrote To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960
• Based the story on her life growing up in
  Monroeville, Alabama
• TKAM was the only novel she ever wrote

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• The character of Dill, Scout and Jems playmate
  in the novel was based upon Lees actual
  neighbor, Truman Capote
• Capote is famous for amongst other things, In
  Cold Blood and Breakfast at Tiffanys.
• It has been said that he gave Lee Mockingbird as
  a gift.

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• In 1962 the novel was turned into a film starring
  Gregory Peck.
• It received a humanitarian award and several
  Academy Award nominations

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The End
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Great Depression

• Brother can you spare a dime?

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1920s Problems
Factories making Too Much, Farms growing too much
BANKS Have NO PEOPLE LOST SAVINGS
JOBS NO ONE TO HELP!
Factories Fire Workers
(Dont need them) Farm Prices fall
(Farmers cant make )
Banks Close because they have no money Loans
have not been paid back, cant give people
their savings
Farmers Factory Workers cant pay back loans to
Banks DEFAULT!!
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Banks Close
Banks have no money to give people


People Default on Loans
People Loose savings
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1932 Electoral College Votes
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OBJ 5- Opponents of the New Deal (Against)

• C. Supreme Court Reacts
• 1. 11 New Deal Plans Ruled Unconstitutional
• 2. Roosevelt Reacts Court Packing Scheme
• a. Wants Court raised from 9 to 15
• -President chooses new judges
• -New judges would favor New Deal
• 3. Friends Enemies Very Upset!!!
• a. FDR wants TOOO much POWER
• b. Congress with all friends wont pass
• law for FDR
• 4. FDR Wins Anyway- By 1938 New Judges
• a. 1 Justice switches, 1 Justice retires

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OBJ 5 - Describe the reasons people opposed
Roosevelts plan. Give two (2) examples of
people who opposed Roosevelt. Why? What did the
Supreme Court say about the early part of the New
Deal? How did Roosevelt try and change their
minds? What was the result?

• V. OBJ. 5 - Critics of the New Deal
• A. BIG BUSINESS!!!! (Govt doing too much!)
• 1. Govt Cant tell us what to do
• B. FDR, not doing enough
• 1. Share Our Wealth, Huey Long Gov. Louisiana
• a. Heavy Tax on the wealthy
• b. Give everyone- Home, Car,
• c. Assassinated in 1935
• 2. Father Coughlin, Radio Priest
• a. Mad at FDR for not being tough enough on big
  business
• b. Hates communist, Unions, Jews (Hitler?)
• 3. Francis Townsend
• a. Give pensions to anyone 60, would get jobs
  to
• younger people

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OBJ 5- Opponents of the New Deal (Against)

• C. Supreme Court Reacts
• 1. 11 New Deal Plans Ruled Unconstitutional
• 2. Roosevelt Reacts Court Packing Scheme
• a. Wants Court raised from 9 to 15
• -President chooses new judges
• -New judges would favor New Deal
• 3. Friends Enemies Very Upset!!!
• a. FDR wants TOOO much POWER
• b. Congress with all friends wont pass
• law for FDR
• 4. FDR Wins Anyway- By 1938 New Judges
• a. 1 Justice switches, 1 Justice retires

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Origins and Causes

• Extreme wealth inequalities
• Ballooning stock market
• Over reliance on unprotected loans
• Too much speculation borrowing
• Overproduction and uneven distribution
  capabilities
• Stock Market crash was a symptom
• Banks lacked money, people lost savings, debts
  were called in, no cash
• Production stopped, workers fired, no ,
  consumption declined, no profits, more workers
  fired

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President Hoover

• Herbert Hoover
• Progressive
• War Reconstruction
• Opposed direct federal aid
• Self-help volunteerism
• Self-help cooperatives

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The Bonus Army/March

• World War One veterans
• Govt denied their pensions
• Marched on Washington, 1932
• Congregated around White House
• Gen. Douglas MacArthur
• Military evicted them from D.C.
• Deep anger at govt
• Deep class divisions
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vxqevdBZCbcQ

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Hoover Dam
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Grand Coulee Dam

• Columbia River, 1941
• Largest concrete structure in the world
• Created a 150 mile lake
• Too much power
• Bonneville Power Administration
• Powered 70 of Northwest

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The Dust Bowl

• Economic and environmental disaster
• Overproduction, monocrops
• Plowed up grasses for farms to meet the needs of
  a booming wheat market
• Soil exhaustion, soil erosion
• Drought and winds
• 1935 Blew winds from CO and NE, blackened the
  sky across the plains, into the East and Atlantic
  Ocean

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Responses

• Killed millions of animals, burned millions of
  tons of food
• Taylor Grazing Act
• Federal control of grazing

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Migrants Okies

• Poor whites and sharecroppers
• Evicted from OK, TX, MI, ARK
• Going to CAL
• L.A. Police Chief bum blockade

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Women

• Eleanor Roosevelt
• Work aid
• Patriotic home economics conserve, recycle, help
  America as a woman