Genetics Continued

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Genetics Continued
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Mutations

• Two Types
• Changes in a single gene-gene mutation
• Point mutation
• Frameshift mutation
• Mutation that causes changes in whole
  chromosomes- chromosomal mutations
• Deletion
• Duplication
• Inversion
• Translocation

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Gene Regulation

• Operons- group of genes that operate together
• Operator -a region to which a repressor can
  bind,preventing transcription of the genes
• Biology corner
• Site

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Development and Differentiation

• Once an egg is formed there are only a few
  divisions then the cells will start to become
  specialized (hence the importance of stem cells)
  this process is called -differentiation these are
  controlled by a series of cells called the hox
  genes.
• hox genes tell the body how the cells
  should
  differentiate as the body
  grows.
• Mouse gene in knee of fruit
  fly the fly grew a eye on
  its leg
• If a mutation in one of these master
  control genes can completely change the organs
  that develop

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Selective breeding

• Breeding traits that you want to keep
• Hybridization
• Crossing dissimilar individual
• Inbreeding
• Breeding back into the same population ..
• What problems might there be

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Increasing Variation

• Bacteria
• radiation
• Plant
• Ex. Polyploidy

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Manipulating DNA

• Genetic engineering
• DNA extraction
• Cutting DNA
• Separating DNA
• Homework

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Using the DNA sequence

• Reading the sequence
• Cutting and pasting
• Making copies

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Cell Transformation

• Transforming Bacteria
• Plasmid
• Genetic marker
• Transforming Plant and Animal cells

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Application of Genetic Engineering

• Transgenic Organisms
• Cloning

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Great sites to help you

• Who is the parent?
• Catch the bad guy
• Electrophoresis
• Good movies
• More links
• Good overall review