Title: Superpowers Face Off
1Superpowers Face Off
U.S.S.R
USA
vs.
2Focus
- What do you remember about the Cold War from
World History?
3The Cold War 1945-1991 An Ideological
Struggle
Soviet Eastern Bloc NationsIron Curtain
US the Western Democracies
GOAL ? Containment of Communism the eventual
collapse of the Communist world.George Kennan
GOAL ? spread world-wide Communism
- METHODOLOGIES
- Espionage KGB vs. CIA
- Arms Race nuclear escalation
- Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts
of Third World peoples Communist govt. command
economy vs. democratic govt. capitalist
economy ? proxy wars - Bi-Polarization of Europe NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
4Yalta ConferenceFeb. 1945
- The Division of Germany once the war is over
- Soviet Union would occupy Eastern European
countries and agreed to hold elections in these
countries following the war
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7Potsdam ConferenceJuly 1945
8The Soviet Union 1922-1991
9Roots of the Cold War
- Differences between the Soviet Union and the
United States reached back to the 1920s. - Soviet Union communism, totalitarian
dictatorship - United States capitalism, republic
Philosophical Differences
- Allies during the war, but not truly friends
- Soviets wanted British and Americans to open a
second European front earlier in the war. 28 - U.S. atomic bomb plans worried Soviet Union.
World War II Conflicts
Map
- The Soviet Union refused to let Eastern Europe
hold elections as promised at Yalta. - The United States resisted Soviet expansion.
Postwar Conflicts
Which of the causes do you think was the major
source Of conflict leading to the Cold War?
10Pair Share
- What were some causes of the Cold War?
11The Iron CurtainWhat is an Iron Curtain?
- Stalin wanted to retain political and economic
control over Eastern Europe. - The Soviets managed to install Communist
governments throughout Eastern Europe. - Stalin outlawed political parties or newspapers
that opposed the Communists. - The Soviets jailed or killed some political
opponents. - The Soviets rigged elections to ensure the
success of Communists. - Yugoslavia was the one Eastern European nation
that was not under the direct control of Stalin
and the Soviet Union. - Josip Broz Tito, a Communist, refused to take
orders from the Soviet Union. - The Soviet Union relocated Germans living in
Poland and other countries of Eastern Europe.
12The Iron Curtain
Western Views of the Iron Curtain
- Winston Churchill attacked the Soviet Union for
creating an Iron Curtain. - The term reflected Churchills belief that
communism had created a sharp division in Europe. - Harry S Truman urged his secretary of state to
get tough with the Soviets.
Soviet Views of the Iron Curtain
- Stalin believed that the Iron Curtain was
necessary to protect the Soviet Union from
western attacks. - Stalin used Churchills words to help persuade
his people that the United States and Great
Britain were their enemies. - He also used this as an excuse to rebuild the
military.
13Iron Curtain
14 Explain the meaning of the political cartoon.
Who are the people? What are they doing? Etc.
15Buffer Zone
16Soviet Union Communism
17Russian History of Invasion
- France (Napoleon) 350,000 Russians killed
- Germany (WWI) 5 million Russians killed
- Total deaths of WWI- 16 million
- Germany (WWII) 30 million Russians killed
- Japan 2 million, Germany 7 million
killed - Total deaths of WWII- 60-70 million
- Stalin wanted a Buffer Zone against future
attacks - What is a Buffer Zone? Was he Justified?
18Pair Share Analyze this Political Cartoon
19Pair Share Analyze this Political Cartoon
20- Who said, An Iron Curtain has descended upon the
Continent? - What is the Iron Curtain?
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25United States Response to Communism
- George Keenan comes up with the containment
policy (keep communism where it is, do not let it
spread) - Truman Doctrine We will help countries at risk
of becoming communist - Marshall Plan Sent 13 billion to Western
European nations - Berlin Airlift Soviets close Berlin US flies in
supplies to the people for nearly 1 year, flying
280,000 flights in and out or Berlin
26- What is the official Cold War policy of the
United States? - Define
27How did the United States respond to Soviet
actions in Europe?
- Containment
- George F. Kennan created a policy known as
containment. - This policy stated that the United States should
resist Soviet attempts to expand its power. - Containment included economic aid, sanctions, and
military force.
- Truman Doctrine
- Said that the United States would help people
fight against oppressors - Truman wanted to send aid to Greece and Turkey to
help them fight Soviet pressure. - Congress agreed to send millions of dollars to
Greece and Turkey.
- Marshall Plan
- An aid program to rebuild the economies of
European countries to create stable conditions
for democracies - 17 countries received 13.4 billion dollars in
aid. - Helped build strong political support in Western
Europe
Map
Plan
28- What was the Truman Doctrine?
- What was the Marshall Plan?
29Crisis in Berlin
- With the start of the Cold War, it became clear
that the Soviets planned to keep their German
zone under Communist control. - The British, Americans, and French began to take
steps to set up a free, democratic government
within their German zones. - The western zone eventually became known as the
Federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany. - The British, Americans, and French also tried to
set up a democratic government in West Berlin. - The Soviets were not happy with the idea of a
Western-style government and economy in the
middle of the Soviet zone of occupation.
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32The Crisis in Berlin
- Soviets Bloc Traffic
- In June 1948 the Soviets announced that they
would block any road, rail, or river traffic into
West Berlin. - West Berlins residents were cut off from food,
coal, and other products. - West Berlin was not completely cutoff because it
had airstrips.
- The Berlin Airlift
- British and American planes began making
deliveries to West Berlin. - The Berlin Airlift continued for months and
months. - Finally, the Soviet Union lifted its blockade on
May 12, 1949.
- NATO Forms
- In 1949 the U.S. and 6 other nations joined
Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and
the U.K. to form NATO. - An armed attack against one would be considered
an attack against all. - Today, 26 countries belong to NATO.
Berlin
33Berlin Airlift
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35Berlin Air LiftJune 1948- May 19497,000 tons of
supplies daily
36Pair Share Analyze this Political Cartoon.
37- Why did the Soviet Union block all traffic into
West Berlin? - How did the U.S. respond?
- What is NATO?
38What were two different ways that the Marshall
Plan benefited the United States?
Why did the U.S. offer aid to Eastern European
countries?
Why do you think the Soviet Union refused U.S.
aid?
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39Crisis In Berlin
- The Soviet Union has just blocked all access
routes into West Berlin. 2.1 million residents
are now without food, water, and other basic
necessities? If you were the president, what
would you do?
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40NATO
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42NATO Today
43Back
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45Why help Greece and Turkey?
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