The Major Body Systems

1
The Major Body Systems

• Identify major body systems and their functions,
  including the circulatory system, respiratory
  system, excretory system, and reproductive system.

2
The Circulatory System

• The circulatory system is made up of the vessels
  and the muscles that control the flow of the
  blood around the body. This process is called
  circulation. The main parts of the system are the
  heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

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• As blood begins to circulate, it leaves the
  heart from the left ventricle and goes into the
  aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the
  body. The blood leaving the aorta is full of
  oxygen. This is important for the cells in the
  brain and the body to do their work. The oxygen-
  rich blood travels throughout the body in its
  system of arteries.

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• On its way back to the heart, the blood travels
  through a system of veins. As it reaches the
  lungs, the carbon dioxide (a waste product) is
  removed from the blood and replace with fresh
  oxygen that we have inhaled through the lungs.
•  

5
What is Blood?

• Blood is thicker than water and has a slightly
  salty taste. In an adults body there is 10.6
  pints of blood circulating around. In their blood
  there are billions of living blood cells floating
  in a liquid called plasma. The red blood cells
  are the heavier, more solid parts. The plasma is
  lighter.

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The Respiratory System

• The primary function of the respiratory system
  is to supply the blood with oxygen to be
  delivered to all parts of the body.

http//www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_
anatomy.jpg
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• Respiration is achieved through the mouth, nose,
  trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the
  respiratory system through the mouth and the
  nose.

http//hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/repiratorysys.html
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• The oxygen then passes through the larynx (where
  speech sounds are produced) and the trachea which
  is a tube that enters the chest cavity.

http//library.thinkquest.org/5777/resp1.htm
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• In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two
  smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus
  then divides again forming the bronchial tubes.

http//library.thinkquest.org/5777/resp4.htm
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• The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs
  where they divide into many smaller tubes which
  connect to tiny sacs called alveoli.

http//library.thinkquest.org/5777/resp3.htm
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• The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon
  dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into
  the lungs.

http//hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/repiratorysys.html
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• There are many diseases that can harm and even
  destroy the respiratory system. Asthma is an
  increasingly common disease that causes coughing
  and makes it hard to breathe. Lung cancer is a
  major cause of death particularly among smokers.
  Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria that
  can destroy the lungs.

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The Excretory System

• The excretory system regulates the chemical
  composition of body fluids by removing wastes and
  retaining the proper amounts of water, salts, and
  nutrients. Components of this system include the
  kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin.

www.faqs.org/health/images/uchr_02_img0199.jpg
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• The kidneys are organs that filter wastes (such
  as urea) from the blood and excrete them, along
  with water, as urine.

Cross section of a kidney
http//www.imcpl.org/kids/guides/health/excretorys
ystem.html
15

• The kidneys funnel the urine into the bladder
  along two separate tubes called ureters.

http//library.thinkquest.org/5777/urin1.htm
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• The bladder stores the urine until muscular
  contractions force the urine out of the body
  through the urethra.

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• The liver acts as a filter for the blood. As
  blood passes through the liver, it removes amino
  acids that do not need to be in your body.

http//www.livercancer.com/images/anterior.liver.g
if
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• The other excretory organ is the skin. The skin
  can sometimes be thought as the largest organ of
  the human body.

http//www.essentialdayspa.com/images/emerginc/Ski
n_Anathomy_and_Physiology.gif
19
The Reproductive System

• The major function of the reproductive system is
  to ensure survival of the species.

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• A female's internal reproductive organs are the
  vagina, uterus, the fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
  They are all located entirely within the pelvis.

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• Unlike the female, whose sex organs are located
  entirely within the pelvis, the male has
  reproductive organs, or genitals, that are both
  inside and outside the pelvis. The male genitals
  include the testicles, the duct system, the
  accessory glands, and the penis.

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• Within the context of producing offspring, the
  reproductive system has four functions
• To produce egg and sperm cells
• To transport and sustain these cells
• To nurture the developing offspring
• To produce hormones