Science%20Review%20for%20CRCT

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Science Review for CRCT
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Ecology Unit
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What are the levels of Ecological organization
from smallest to largest?
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• Organism
• Population
• Community
• Ecosystem

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Organism
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• One member of one species

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Population
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• All the members of a species in an area
• Ex all the people in this room

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Community
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• All the members of all species in an area
• Ex all the people, bacteria, insects in the room

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Ecosystem
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• All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area
• Ex people, bacteria, insects, light, temperate,
  water, desks, and humidity in this room

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Autotroph
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• An organism that can make its own food

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What are the 3 types of symbiosis?
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• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

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Mutualism
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• A type of symbiosis where BOTH organisms benefit
• Ex

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Commensalism
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• A type of symbiosis where ONE organism benefits
  and ONE organism is neither harmed or helped
• Ex

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Parasitism
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• A type of symbiosis where ONE organism BENEFITS
  and ONE is HARMED
• Ex

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Parasite and host
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• Parasite The organism in parasitism that
  benefits
• Host the organism in parasitism that is harmed

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Predation
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• A relationship where one organism hunts and KILLS
  another

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Predator and prey
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• Predator the organism in predation that KILLS
• Prey the organism in predation that IS KILLED

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Competition
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• Where 2 or more organisms struggle for a common
  resource (food, water, shelter, etc.)

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Food chain
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• A series of events hows the flow of energy from
  one organism to another in an ecosystem
• Sun flower rabbit bobcat

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Food Web
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• Several food chains interconnected together

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Heterotroph
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• An organism that CANNOT produce its own food

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Get ready for..
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Biomes
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Describe a tropical rainforest
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• Close to the equator
• Warm temperatures that dont vary much (20-25 C)
• LOTS of rain (200-1000 cm/yr)
• LOTS of plant and animal species

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Describe a desert
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• Large temperature shifts from day to night (-4 to
  38 C)
• LESS than 25 cm of rain a year
• Organisms are adapted to little rainfall

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Describe a Savannah
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• Temperatures are more comfortable than a desert
• 25-about 100 cm of rainfall
• Rich soil (grasses, shrubs, and small trees)

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Describe a Temperate Forest
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• Seasons with temperature changes (-30 to 30 C)
• 50 150 cm of rain a year
• Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves in
  winter)

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Describe a Taiga
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• Colder than a temperate forest (with very cold,
  often snowy winters and warm, rainy summers)
• Coniferous trees (trees that have needles and
  keep them in winter)

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Describe a tundra
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• Largest and most northern biome
• Extremely cold and dry (-40 to 18 C)
• Permafrost- frozen soil
• LITTLE rainfall (less than 25 cm/yr
• Plant species are short and low to the ground

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Describe a freshwater biome
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• Includes ponds, lakes, rivers, swamps, marsh, and
  streams
• Vary in location around the world, but most
  larger lakes are in North America

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Describe the marine biome
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• Oceans
• Temperature, rainfall, and species will depend on
  ocean and location in it.

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Describe estuaries
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• Areas of shallow sunlight water around the world
• Nutrient rich soil
• Supports lots of diverse species

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Ready for.
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Cells
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Passive Transport
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• A type of movement across a cell membrane the
  requires LITTLE or NO ENERGY
• From an area of HIGH concentration to LOW
  concentration

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Diffusion
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• Movement of MOLECULES requiring little or no
  energy

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Osmosis
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• The movement of WATER requiring little or no
  energy

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Active Transport
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• A type of movement across a cell membrane the
  requires A LOT of ENERGY
• From an area of LOW concentration to HIGH
  concentration

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Engulfing
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• A form of active transport where the cell
  membrane BENDS and SUROUNDS a particle and forms
  a vacuole around it.

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Transport Protein
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• A form of active transport where a protein PICKS
  UP and CARRIES a material across a cell membrane

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Selectively Permeable
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• The term which refers to a cell membranes
  ability to determine what can enter or leave a
  cell

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Photosynthesis
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• The process by which a plant cell captures
  sunlight to produce glucose

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Formula for Photosynthesis
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• 6H2O 6CO2 ATP C6H12O6 6O2

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Respiration
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• The process by which cells break down glucose to
  produce ENERGY

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Equation for cellular respiration
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• C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP

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Stages of mitosis
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• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

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Organic compounds
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• Compounds that contain CARBON
• Ex proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

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Inorganic Compounds
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• Compounds that DO NOT contain CARBON
• Ex water, oxygen, carbon dioxide (the exception
  to the rule)

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Cell membrane
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• The organelle that surrounds the cell and
  determines what can enter and leave the cell
  (selectively permeable)
• Memory device Door

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Nucleus
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• The control center of the cell. Controls other
  cell functions. Also contains the DNA
• Memory device Brain
• Not found in bacteria cells

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Mitochondria
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• Produces energy for the cell. The powerhouse
  of the cell
• Memory device Muscles

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Cytoplasm
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• The gel-like liquid which holds most of the cell
  organelles
• Memory device jello

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Chloroplast
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• The GREEN organelle found in plant cells that
  captures the sunlight to produce glucose for the
  cell.
• Memory device solar panels

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Get ready for.
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Human Body Systems
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Which systems work together for HOMEOSTASIS?
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• Nervous
• Excretory
• Integumentary (skin)

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Which systems work together for EXCRETING WASTES?
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• Excretory
• Digestive
• Respiratory
• Circulatory
• Integumentary

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Which systems work together for MOVING/RUNNING?
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• Muscular
• Skeletal
• Nervous
• Respiratory
• Circulatory

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Which systems work together for FIGHTING
PATHOGENS?
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• Immune
• Lymphatic
• Circulatory

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Which systems work together for SENDING SIGNALS?
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• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Circulatory

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Which systems work together for EXCHANGE OF 02
AND CO2 ?
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• Respiratory
• Circulatory

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Which systems work together for TAKING
FOOD/NUTRIENTS TO CELLS?
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• Digestive
• Circulatory

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Which systems work together for MAKING OFFSPRING?
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• Reproductive
• Endocrine

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Get ready for.
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Genetics
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Allele
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• Half of a gene and codes for a specific trait
• Ex T, r, e, B

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Gene
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• Two alleles paired together to code for a trait
• Ex EE, Hh, uu, YY

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Chromosome
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• 1000s of genes together coding for many traits
• Humans have 46 total

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Homozygous
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• Having the SAME alleles for a trait
• Ex KK, dd, AA

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Heterozygous
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• Having DIFFERENT alleles for a trait
• Ex Ww, Ss, Mm

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Purebred
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• An organism that always produces offspring with
  the SAME TRAITS as it.

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Hybrid
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• An organism that has different alleles for a trait

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Genotype
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• An organisms genetic make up
• Ex TT, Rr, dd

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Phenotype
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• An organisms physical characteristics
• Ex hair color, eye color, skin color, height,
  number of toes

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Trait
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• Physical characteristics of an organism

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Selective Breeding
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• The process of determining which traits are
  passed on from parent to offspring
• Two types hybridization and inbreeding

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(No Transcript)
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Asexual Reproduction
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• One parent passing on its genetic information
  directly

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Which kinds of organisms reproduce asexually?
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• ALL bacteria (Binary fission)
• Protists
• Plants and fungi can

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Sexual Reproduction
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• Having 2 parents pass on HALF of their genetic
  material to offspring

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Which organisms reproduce sexually?
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• Almost all Animals do
• Plants usually do
• Bacteria (conjugation)
• Protists and fungi can

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Get ready for.
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Evolution
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Evolution
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• The gradual change in a species over time

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Natural selection
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• The process where organisms that are better
  adapted to their environment are more likely to
  survive and reproduce
• Survival of the fitest

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Mimicry
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• Where one organism looks like another organism
  for the goal of surviving

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Camoflauge
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• When an organism attempts to blend into the
  environment for the goal of surviving in the
  environment

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Venom
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• Poison produced by some predators for the purpose
  of capturing prey

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Fossil
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• The preserved remains of organisms in the past

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Sedimentary Rock
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• The form of rock in which most fossils are found

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2 types of evolution
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• Gradualism
• Punctuated equilibria

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Gradualism
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• When evolution occurs SLOWLY over a LONG PERIOD
  of time

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Punctuated equilibria
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• When evolution occurs RAPIDLY in SHORT BURSTS

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Get ready for ..
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Classification
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Name the 6 kingdoms from simplist to most complex
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• Archebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protist
• Fungi
• Plantea (plants)
• Animalia (animals)

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Name the 7 levels of classification from largest
to smallest
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• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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