Plants

1
Plants

• Module 13

2
Plants share common characteristics

• Photosynthetic autotrophs
• (use the suns energy to make sugar/glucose)
• Multicellular
• (made of eukaryotic cells)
• Producers
• (are the base of the food web in ecosystems)

3
Plant Classification

• 2 major categories
• Non-vascular
• (no tubes / vessels)
• Vascular
• (tubes/vessels for transport)

4
Plant Classification

• Vascular plants are further divided
• Seedless
• (use spores for reproduction)
• Seeded
• (use seeds for reproduction)

5
Plant Classification

• Seed plants are further divided
• Gymnosperms
• (seeds in cones)
• Angiosperms
• (seeds in fruits that develop from flowers)

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STERNGRR Processes

• Synthesis
• Photosynthesis used to make food
• Protein synthesis

Chloroplasts
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STERNGRR Processes

• Transport
• Non-vascular plants use osmosis
• Vascular plants have xylem to transport water and
  phloem to transport food (in vascular bundle /
  vein)

FOOD
WATER
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STERNGRR Processes

• Excretion
• Tiny openings in the leaf called stomata allow
  gas exchange regulated by guard cells
• Wastes may be stored in leaves that fall off in
  autumn

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STERNGRR Processes

• Respiration
• Use oxygen and sugar to produce ATP for energy

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STERNGRR Processes

• Nutrition
• Sugar produced in photosynthesis is used for
  cellular respiration or stored for later use.

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STERNGRR Processes

• Growth and Development
• Seeds germinate to start the process of
  development into a new plant

12
STERNGRR Processes

• Asexual Reproduction
• Occurs through the process of vegetative
  propagation

13
STERNGRR Processes

• Spores
• Produced by non-vascular and seedless vascular
  plants for reproduction

14
STERNGRR Processes

• Seeds
• Found in cones in gymnosperms
• Found in fruits that develop from flowers in
  angiosperms

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STERNGRR Processes

• Flowers
• Male parts
• Stamen - anther and filament
• Female parts
• Pistil stigma, style
• and ovary

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STERNGRR Processes

• Flowers
• Pollination occurs when pollen (male) is
  transferred to the stigma (female)

• Fertilization occurs when a sperm (in pollen)
  meets egg (in ovary)

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STERNGRR Processes

• Regulation
• Hormones regulate growth and control responses
  to stimuli (Ex. auxin, cytokinen, ethylene)
• Tropisms growth responses to external stimuli

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Plant Adaptations - Leaf
Cuticle
Surface area
Carnivorous
Protection
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Plant Adaptations - Stem
Tuber
Succulent
Tendrils
Runners
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Plant Adaptations - Root
Taproot
Fibrous Roots
Root hairs