???? NOx, Nitrogen Oxides

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????NOx, Nitrogen Oxides
???
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???? Brief Introduction

• (?)????
• ??????????????????????,??NOx??????
• ?????(N2O, dinitrogen oxide)
• ????(NO, nitrogen oxide)
• ????(NO2, nitrogen dioxide)
• ?????(N2O3,dinitrogen trioxide)
• ?????(N2O4, dinitrogen tetraoxide)
• ?????(N2O5, dinitrogen pentoxide)

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????dinitrogen oxide
??????????,???N2O,????????? ???44.0,mp-90.7?
,bp-89.4?,??(???)1.53??gt500?,???????? ????,?????
??,?????

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???? nitrogen oxide

• ?????????????
• ???30.00,mp-163.6?,bp-151.7?,??1.04(???)??????
• ?????NO2,?????????N2?

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?????nitrogen dioxide

• ??????,???N2O3,??????????
• ???76.02,mp-102.0 ?,bp3.5?(??),??(2?)1.447
• ????NO?NO2,??????????

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????(?????) dinitrogen tetraoxide

• ??????????????????????,?????0140?,NO2?N2O4??,??
  ??,NO2?????
• ???46.01(92.02),mp-11.20?,bp 21.2 ? ,?????1.58?
• ????????HNO3?HNO2?????????????????????????N2?

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????? dinitrogen pentoxide

• ?????,?????????,34???
• ???108.0,mp30.0,bp47.0(??),??1.63
• ????NO2?O2,??????????

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?????Pollution sources

• ????
• ??????????
• ??
• ????
• ?????

??????NOx ??????????
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• ?????
• ???????????
• ????
• ???????

???????NOx ????????
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??????????(EU2000)
????????80??????????
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?? ??????/?KWh ??NOx??? /?t ??????NOx???/g(KWh)-1
1990 4950 228.7 4.62
1991 5527 243.4 4.40
1992 6227 262.9 4.22
1993 6868 284.4 4.14
1994 7470 298.6 4.00
1995 8074 327.1 4.05
1996 8781 359.3 4.09
1997 9252 350.3 3.79
1998 9388 360.5 3.84
1999 10047 401.9 4.00
2000 11079 469 4.23
2001 12045 497.5 4.13
2002 13522 536.8 3.97
2003 15790 597.3 3.78
2004 18073 665.7 3.68
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• ?????????????????????????????????18???????????
  ?,?????????????????????????????????????????

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(?)????toxication of nitrogen oxides

• NOx?NO?NO2?????,?NO2????NO?45??
• NO????????,??????,??????????????????????????,????
  ??????????????????????
• ???????????????????????,??????????
• NO?????,????,??????????

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• NO2?????????,??HNO2?HNO3,???????????????,????????
  ?,????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????NO2??????

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• ?????????0.7-0.9????????????????????,???????????
  1,??????12???????2,???????????????????3,???????
  ??5?
• ?????????????????,??????????????????????????,?????
  ????? ??????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????,???????????,?????????????,???????

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• NOx?????SO2?CO?HCO??????????????????(photoche
  mical smog)?
• ????,???85???,10????????(PAN,peroxylacetyl
  nitric ester,CH3COONO2)???????
• ??????????????????????,???????????

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(No Transcript)
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(?)????Hygienic standard

• ????? 0.15mg/m3(??)
• ???? 5mg/m3
• ???? 0.10mg/m3(???)?
• ?????????

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????????GB 3095-1996
??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
???? NOx ??? 0.05 0.05 0.10 mg/m3
???? NOx ??? 0.10 0.10 0.15 mg/m3
???? NOx 1???? 0.15 0.15 0.30 mg/m3
???? NO2 ??? 0.04 0.04 0.08 mg/m3
???? NO2 ??? 0.08 0.08 0.12 mg/m3
???? NO2 1???? 0.12 0.12 0.24 mg/m3
???08????NO2????0.068mg/m3(??)-0.033mg/m3(???),???
??????????????????
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• ???????0.0020.076 mg/m3,??????0.030 mg/m3

• 82-84????????????????,?16-18?????????,????NO2???
  ?????????

• NOx????,19802000????4.62004???1600?t,????10.6?
  ??????????,??????????,2020?,???????????2363-2914?
  t ?

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(?)????Analytical methods
? ? ??? ??
?????????   ????,?Saltzman????
????? 0.05mg/ml  
TEA????? 0.06mg/ml  
????? 4ppb ????,?????
?????? 0.03mg/m3 ????,??,?????
????????? 10mg/m3 ???????????
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?????????????
???? ???? ??
GB/T 15436-1995 ??????????? ???????????
GB/T 160.29-2004 ???????????? ??????? ???????????
GB12372-1990 ????????????????  ???Saltzman?
GB/T17096-1997 ????????????? ???????????
HJ/T 431999 ??????????????? ???????????
HJ 479-2009 ???? ????(?????????)??? ???????????
HJ/T 421999 ??????????????? ???????
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???????????Spectrophotometry with naphthyl
ethylenediamine hydrochloric acid

•  (?)?????(GB1237290 )
• 1.?? ????????CrO3????????,NO2?????????HNO2??????
  ????????,???????????????????(540nm),?????

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2. ?????

• ????(?CrO3???)
• 3NO 2CrO3 3NO2 Cr2O3
• ????(dismutation reaction)
• 2NO2 H2O HNO2 HNO3

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• ?????
• diazotization reaction

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???? azo reaction
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3.????operation procedures

• ??5ml???(4g/L??????-0.04g/L???????4????),???????
  ??,?0.3L/min????????????
• ??20min?,?540nm?????????????(NO2????NO2-???)?

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4. ???? points for attention

• CrO3???,???CrO3-???????????3580?

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?????????,NO2(N2O4)???????????????,??????????
?NO3-?1mol NO2(N2O4)????????????????????NO2????(co
nversion coefficient,????????Saltzman??)???????,??
???????,1mol NO2(?)???NO2-(?)?????
?????NO2????????????????????????????????NO2???
????????????
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???????

• ????????NO2????,?????NO2-??0.5µg/ml?????,???
  ???????????????????????NO2??(W)?????????????NO2-??
  (Y)??Saltzman??Y/W?

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?????????????????????????????????,?NO2(N2O
4)????????,???????
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????????????,??????NO2-,??????????????NO2???
????????????????????????????????????
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• ???????????????????????,????????????????
  ?????????,???????????,?????????

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(?)???????????

•  1.??????NO2?????????(triethanolamine
  impregnated filter paper)???,??????,NO2?????????HN
  O2??????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ?,?????

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2. ????operation procedures

• ?????TEA?????????????,?0.20L/min??????
• ????????????????-??????????,??,??30min,?540nm????
  ????????????

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3. ??

• (1)????(TEA)????,????N(C2H4OH)3???????,????,????
  ????????,?NO2?SO2?SO3?CO2?H2S???????????
• (2)TEA???????40mm???????25TEA?5min??755???,??R
  T 75????(?????????),24h????

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(3)??????????????,??NO2??????????????????,?RT
75???????? (4)????TEA??????,???0.20L/min?,??????9
5??? (5)??NO2?????NO2??????????,?0.24.6mg/m3?,??
?1mg/m3,??????0.026???????????
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(6)SO2?Fe3????????SO2????NO2??7??Fe3??10mg?,????
??????EDTA?H2O2????Fe3?SO2???? (7)???????????(??
???????1?)???????NO2???????????NO2????????????????
?????????
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???????chemiluminescence method

• 1. ?????NOx?NO2-NO???,???NO?,?O3????????,????????
  ?(NO2)?NO2????,???????,?????????1200nm??????????
  ??,????????,????????????,???NO??????

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?????????
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(No Transcript)
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2. ????

• (1)??????????????????????????????NO?NO2
• (2)?????????????????????????????1.0L/min?????????0
  .5L/min?
• (3)NO2-NO??????????????????????????,???????,???
  ??????500???,????????????,?????????????

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(4)???????????????,??????400ppm??????????,?????
????,??????????????,??????????
(5)???????????,???,???????????????????????????????
???????,??????????
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HJ/T 421999???????????????
??????? ??????-??????,?????????????,?210n
m???????
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GB/T 160.29-2004???????????????????

• ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????,?????,????????????420n
  m ????????-??????
• ????????????-?????????????????????????,??????????
  ,??????,???T???????,??????????????????,???????????
  ???,600nm ??????
• ???????????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ????,454nm ??????