Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Status

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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Status
Research Update

• Lisa Becton, DVM, MS, DACVPM
• Dir. Swine Health Info Research
• National Pork Board

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PEDV status world-wide

• PEDV is currently active and considered endemic
  in different parts of the world (China, Japan,
  South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam Pacific rim
  countries).
• Canada had first positive cases in January 2014
• Different strains identified in the U.K. (1970s)
  that did not appear as pathogenic as the Chinese
  strains
• Other countries with cases Germany, Spain,
  France, Mexico, Colombia Ecuador, Ukraine, Peru
• PEDV is considered to be a production disease.
• Primary management tools within the U.S. focus
  on targeted biosecurity efforts.
• Killed vaccines are approved for use in the U.S.
  (two currently approved).

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AASV Case Reports
www.aasv.org
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www.aphis.usda.gov/animal-health/secd
Courtesy of NAHLN
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U.S. Swine Health Monitoring Project
http//www.cvm.umn.edu/sdec/SwineDiseases/pedv/ind
ex.htm
752 breeding sites (20 systems) 2.1M sows
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As of January 15, 2015
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Research/Knowledge Update
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Research for PEDV PDCoV

• 2013
• 1 million for research
• Funded 14 projects
• Basics of disease
• Sow immunity (initial work)
• Foundation for biosecurity

• 2014
• 2 million for research
• Funded 35 projects
• Feed focus
• Animal focus
• Biosecurity validation
• Disease monitoring

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PEDV Research Priorities

• Research Priorities 2013
• Basic Research of PEDV
• Who - What - Where - When - Why - How
• Diagnostic test development
• Basics of disease transmission and survivability
  
• Sow immunity (project duration 12 months)
• Duration of immunity
• Optimizing feedback protocols
• Diagnostic tests to assess sow and piglet
  immunity to PEDV

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PEDV/PDCoV Research For 2014

• Research priorities 2014
• Feed Focus
• Risk assessment for feed as transmission source
• Intervention methods for feed (pelleting/additives
  )
• Post-processing time on virus
• Novel bioassay models
• Biosecurity Validation
• Animal Focus
• PEDV immunity development
• PDCoV pathogenicity diagnostic test
  development

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PEDV/PDCoV Research For 2015

• Hone in on more specifics of development,
  duration and optimization of sow immunity (based
  on 2013/2014 work)
• Feed interventions (based off of info from 2014)
• Novel vaccine administration technologies

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Basics of virus survival - What have we learned?

• Survivability of the virus
• PEDV can survive in many different conditions
• Pits feed slurry manure water fresh and
  recycle feed ingredients
• Survive in cold conditions
• Survivability in pits can be time dependent
• PEDV PCR found at 4 6 months
• PEDV bioassay only for 4 month

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Key Messages

• PEDV survives for extended time in various
  substances clean/disinfect for best control
• For pit/manure management
• Work at farms with longest time since infection
  first, and farms most recently infected last
• Communication x 10 with all parties involved!!

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Transportation - What have we learned?

• Transportation management is critical!!!
• Certain procedures for trucks can kill the virus
• 160F for 10 minutes kills PEDV
• 68F for 7 days kills PEDV
• Clean, disinfect and heat (see above) can kill
  PEDV and other pathogens!
• Quaternary ammonium/gluteraldehyde
• Accel hydrogen peroxide mix
• Others (bleach phenolics etc.)

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Key Messages

• Prevent contamination as much as possible.
• Create a Line of Separation
• Keep clean and dirty equipment separate
• Avoid contamination of high risk areas
• Focus on removal of organic material for
  effective cleaning and disinfection.
• Goal reduce the virus load on equipment

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Identify the Line of Separation

• No cross traffic at this point !

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Examples of the Line of Separation
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Feed/Feed Systems - What have we learned?

• Feed management
• Takes a very small amount of virus to infect
  pigs!
• Some potential products can help to eliminate
  virus in feed
• Formaldehyde based medium chain fatty acids
  essential oils
• Assessment of pelleting and heat treatment may be
  effective for point-in-time virus control

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Immunity - What have we learned?

• Immunity to the virus
• We now have many different diagnostic tools to
  detect PEDV
• Can detect the virus (PCR)
• Can detect exposure to the virus (ELISA or IFA)
• Can evaluate the level of immunity to the virus
  (FFN, IFA)
• Basics of immunity
• Gut immunity is needed for protection
• Piglets need to consume milk to be protected
  against PEDV
• The response to PEDV can vary by sow and so can
  protection passed to piglets

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Immunity - What have we learned?

• Immunity to the virus
• Sows do respond to feedback and develop
  antibodies
• Oral exposure is best but exposure also causes
  clinical illness
• Vaccines can help, but killed products may not
  have enough foreign protein to stimulate immunity
• Sow immunity
• Immunity has been seen for at least 6-7 months
• Work being done on cross-protection and some
  degree of protection may be happening
• Will use results of these studies for
  continuation of work for 2015

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Communication of Research Results

• Provide producers with real-time results
• Created a PEDV-specific site for all information
• Research updates available bi-weekly until
  project completion See www.pork.org/PEDV for
  biweekly updates

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How do we get better prepared for the next time?
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Emerging Diseases of Swine

• Examples of recent emerging diseases of concern
• Porcine Circovirus Type 2b (China)
• PEDV
• Porcine kubovirus

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NPPC 2014 Resolution

• NPPC Forum Resolution 2014
• A proposed plan of coordination and program
  execution for the US Swine Industry in the event
  of the identification/introduction of any new
  economically significant swine disease (defined
  as not currently identified in the United States
  as of March 1, 2014).
• This shall include all possible non-reportable
  diseases which may afflict swine

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Working on Our Preparedness

• Response Plan
• NPPC is managing in 2015
• Coordinated state-federal-industry response
• Swine Matrix Project Identifying Whats
  next?
• AASV is managing in 2015
• Will need research and updating
• Swine disease information sharing
• NPB is managing in 2015
• Swine Health and Information Center

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Response Plan NPPC Focus

• Working with industry and government partners to
  provide input and guidance for an emerging
  disease response plan
• Outline clear responsibilities for all parties
• Have that available to all parties for use
• Have had several in-person meetings and document
  is becoming finalized

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Swine Disease Matrix project

• Identify whats next?
• Use both US and global surveillance of
  literature, reports, other info for diseases of
  potential interest
• Literature search on targeted diseases
• Identify basic knowledge gaps
• Focus resource deployment
• Develop a one pager on prioritized diseases
• Work with government partners (federal and state)
  
• Determine roles and outcomes
• Define who handles data, confidentiality, disease
  control measures?

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Key Points

• Focus on global production diseases
• Establish a mechanism for evaluating disease
  implications and prioritizing threats
• Work towards recognizing and filling
  resource/knowledge gaps
• Establish a diagnostic/surveillance system that
  searches for the introduction of emerging
  diseases

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Expert Working Group

• Patrick Webb - NPB
• Joe Connor - Practitioner
• Doug MacDougald Practitioner (Canada)
• Kent Schwartz ISU VDL
• Eric Bush USDA Epidemiologist
• Dick Hesse KSU Virologist
• Jane Christopher-Henning SDSU VDL
• Mike McIntosh USDA FADDL
• Dermott Hayes Ag Economist
• Kurt Rossow MN VDL
• John Waddell AASV SHC Chair
• Harry Snelson AASV
• Mark Engle WG Chair (unable to attend)

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Swine Pathogen Matrix Project
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Swine Health and Information Center

• Mission
• To protect and enhance the health of the US swine
  herd through
• targeted research investments that minimize the
  impact of future disease threats
• collection and analysis of swine health data
• global disease monitoring.

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Swine Health and Information Center

• Operations
• Work in synergy with the National Pork Board, the
  National Pork Producers Council, and the American
  Association of Swine Veterinarians
• Add to and not duplicate the capabilities of the
  associations
• Location
• Virtual Center

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Swine Health and Information Center

• Board of Directors
• Direction and oversight of programs
• Research Selection Task Force
• Endemic Swine Disease Task Force
• International Swine Disease Task Force
• Lifespan
• 5 year lifetime unless it is extended by
  recommendation of the Centers Board of Directors
  and the approval by the NPB

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Swine Health and Information Center

• Scope of Work
• Swine Disease Matrix project
• Swine health data monitoring, management and
  analysis for disease trends
• Priority Order
• Swine Health Monitoring Project
• Emerging disease monitoring data
• Production Animal Disease Risk Assessment Program
  (PADRAP)
• Secure Pork Supply database
• Trade support
• USDA sanction of data is essential to fulfilling
  this function

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Summary

• PEDV probably will not be the last emerging
  disease the industry faces therefore, an
  emerging disease plan is essential!!
• As part of that plan, monitoring of global
  disease issues is critical and includes
  pre-emptive plan for key needs for disease Dx and
  management
• Cooperation and collaboration between all sectors
  of industry and government is a must.

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• Questions?
• lbecton_at_pork.org
• 515-223-2791