Types of Literature

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Types of Literature
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Genre the type of literature, such as a novel
or a short story
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• Fiction works of prose that have imaginary
  elements

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Nonfiction

• Prose writing that deals with real people,
  events, and places.

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Short Story

• can usually be read in one sitting. Generally, a
  short story has one main conflict that involves
  the characters, keeps the story moving, and makes
  it interesting

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Poetry

• Type of literature in which words are chosen and
  arranged to create a certain effect.

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Novel

• A long work that tells a complex story that
  unfolds through the actions, speech, and thoughts
  of the characters.

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Drama

• Literature in which plot and characters are
  developed through dialogue and action in other
  words, drama is literature in play form.

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Epic

• A long narrative poem about the adventures of a
  hero whose actions reflect the ideals and values
  of a nation or race.

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Memoir

• A form of autobiographical writing in which a
  person recalls significant events in his or her
  life

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Narrative Nonfiction

• Nonfiction is writing that tells about real
  people, places, or events.
• The information in narrative nonfiction is
  organized in chronological order.
• Three types of narrative nonfiction are
  biography, autobiography, and certain kinds of
  essays.

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AUTOBIOGRAPHY

• The writers account of his or her own life.
  Almost always told from the first person
  point-of-view, it generally focuses on
  significant events and how those events and
  people affected him or her.

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BIOGRAPHY

• An account of a persons life written by another
  person.
• The writer usually reaches his or her subject to
  present accurate information, and ideally strives
  for a balances treatment, highlighting weaknesses
  as well as strengths, failures as well as
  achievements.

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ESSAY

• A brief work of nonfiction that deals with a
  single subject.
• In a formal essay, ideas are developed
  systematically and impersonally.
• An informal essay, which is less rigidly
  organized and more personal, often includes humor
  and anecdotes.

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• There are three common types of essays
• EXPOSITORY - essays present or explain
  information and ideas.
• PERSUASIVE - essays present arguments and attempt
  to convince readers to adopt particular points of
  view.
• PERSONAL - essays express writers thoughts and
  feelings about subjects.

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Elements of Storytelling

• Fiction, narrative nonfiction, poetry, or drama
  includes some or all of the following elements of
  storytelling

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PLOT

• The sequence of events in a story.

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CONFLICT

• A struggle between opposing forces.
• The struggle may exist between people, between
  people and nature or society, or within a
  character.

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CHARACTERS

• The people, animals, or imaginary creatures that
  take part in the action.

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SETTING

• The particular time and place in which the events
  occur.

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THEME

• Perception about life or human nature that the
  writer conveys to the reader. It is also known
  as the lesson learned throughout the story by the
  character(s) or even the reader.

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POINT OF VIEW

• Refers to the vantage point from which the story
  is told.

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DIALOGUE

• The written conversation between two or more
  characters.

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SUSPENSE

• The excitement or tension that readers feel as
  they get involved in the story and become eager
  to know the outcome.

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FORESHADOWING

• A writers use of hints or clues to indicate
  events that will occur later in the narrative.

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FLASHBACK

• An account of a conversation, episode, or event
  that happened before the beginning of the story.
  It often interrupts the chronological flow of a
  story to give formation that can help readers to
  understand a characters present situation.

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IRONY

• The contrast between what is expected and
• what actually exists or happens.

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CHARACTERIZATION

• Refers to the techniques used by writers to
  develop characters. A writer may use any or all
  of the following methods
• a) physical description
• b) a character may reveal his/her own thoughts,
  feelings, or actions

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• c) the speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions of
  other Characters can be used to develop a
  character
• d) narrator can make direct comments about a
  character

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NARRATOR

• the character or voice that relates the
• events of the story to the reader

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PROTAGONIST

• The central character, or hero.
• It is always the main character, and in most
  cases, he or she is the character with whom the
  reader identifies

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ANTAGONIST

• A character who opposes the main character.
  Sometimes, however, this is a force of nature or
  a set of circumstances against which the main
  character is pitted.

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MOOD

• The feeling, or atmosphere, that a writer
  creates for the reader. It is intended to shape
  the readers emotional response to a work.

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TONE

• The attitude a writer has toward his/her subject.

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SYMBOL

• A person, a place, an activity, or an object that
  stands for something beyond itself.

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ALLUSION

• An indirect reference to another literary work,
  or to a famous person, place, or event.

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IMAGERY

• Consists of descriptive words and phrases that
  re-create sensory experiences for the reader.

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An example of imagery

• I took a walk around the world toEase my
  troubled mindI left my body laying somewhereIn
  the sands of timeI watched the world float to
  the darkSide of the moonI feel there is nothing
  I can do
• --"Kryptonite" by Three Doors Down

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PLOT DEVELOPMENT

• PLOT is the chain of related events that take
  place in a story. A plot is almost always built
  around a conflict. Most plots include these
  stages of development

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EXPOSITION

• gives background information about characters,
  conflict, and setting

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NARRATIVE HOOK

• the point at which the author catches the
  readers attention the reader becomes aware of
  the main characters problem.

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RISING ACTION

• where the suspense builds because complications
  arise that make the conflict more difficult for
  the main character to resolve.

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CLIMAX

• a turning point in the action when the readers
  interest reaches its highest point.

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FALLING ACTION and RESOLUTION

• where the conflict ends and loose ends are tied
  up.

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• TYPES OF CONFLICT

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EXTERNAL

• conflicts involve a character pitted against an
  outside force, such as nature, a physical
  obstacle, or another character. A character may
  even find him/herself pitted against a
  supernatural force

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INTERNAL

• one that occurs inside the character the
  character must choose between two courses of
  action.

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TYPES OF IRONY
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• Irony is the contrast between what is expected to
  happen and what actually exists or happens.
  There are three types of irony

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SITUATIONAL

• the contrast between what a character or the
  reader expects to happen, and what actually
  happens.

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VERBAL

• when someone says one thing but means another. A
  common form of this irony is sarcasm.

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DRAMATIC

• the contrast between what a character knows and
  what the reader or audience knows.

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POINT OF VIEW

• Point of View refers to the vantage point from
  which a story is told. Point of view determines
  the overall tone of a story, how much the reader
  learns about the characters, and the readers
  opinion of the characters. Fill in the chart
  below with information about the three points of
  view that writers use most.

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• First Person
• Third Person Limited
• Third Person Omniscient