Warm Up

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Warm Up

• Read the blue box on democracy at the bottom of
  p. 134-135 and answer the question.

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Classical Greece
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Athens and the Age of Pericles

• Time period between Persian and Peloponnesian
  Wars
• After the Persian Wars, the Greeks founded the
  Delian League to protect against invasion
• -Sparta refused to join (they didnt need to be
  in a league with other Greeks)
• - THUS. This became the Athenian Empire
• Pericles- dominant in Athenian politics, HUGE
  believer in democracy
• Center of philosophy, architecture, learning,
  art, etc, under him.
• GOLDEN AGE of ATHENS!
• Food came from trade, protected by the Athenian
  navy

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Greek Drama

• First writers of drama
• comedy came much later
• Masks used to show emotion
• Only male actors allowed
• Oedipus Rex trilogy by Sophocles about man who
  becomes king w/ disastrous results
• He accidentally kills his father
• He accidentally marries his mother
• ALL because he was given up at birth because of a
  prophecy
• (You should read excerpts in your 9th/10th grade
  English class)

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History

• 1st people to try to analyze past events
• From other cultures and people groups
• Herodotus
• 1st historian, wrote about Persian Wars (in most
  college history classes, this is one of the main
  historians whose work you will be read)
• He added superstition
• Very biased against non-Greeks
• Called Father of History
• ALSO called Father of Lies
• It is believed he fabricated facts/ received
  information from second-hand sources but claimed
  he saw them.
• Thucydides- looked at human facts for causes of
  events and not to divine reasons/ the gods found
  evidence for his history

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Art/Architecture

• Art attempted to express eternal ideals
• balance, proportion, harmony
• Sculpture shows this with perfect human
  proportions
• HOWEVER- the facial expressions look too
  beautiful/ peaceful for the action
• Classical Greek sculptures look TOO perfect
  facially, later- Hellenistic Greek sculptures
  look more realistic facially
• Architecture mainly temples
• Parthenon built in Athens, shows calmness,
  clarity, freedom from unnecessary details

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The Parthenon in Athens
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This statue is also on p. 147 -called The
Discobolus (discus thrower) - GREAT
example of CLASSICAL Greek art -
you can see how perfect the body ismuscles,
ribs, veins in the arms, calf muscles, etc.
-EXCEPT. The face- it looks serene, pleasant,
peaceful, at rest. Think about your face when you
are tackling someone in football, guarding
someone in basketball, etc.you have emotion!
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This slide is just to help (as you take notes on
the next slides)

• 3 main philosophers from Classical Greece
• (you can memorize them in the correct order
  because their first names are alphabetical, but
  BACKWARDS)
• Socrates (Socrateeeez)
• Teacher of Plato
• Plato
• Teacher of Aristotle
• Aristotle
• Teacher of Alexander the Great

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Greek Philosophy

• Philosophy
• organized system of thought, love of wisdom
• 1. Socrates
• Believed purpose of education was to improve
  individual
• Left behind no writings
• His ideas written by students (Plato)
• Questioned students to help them learn
• Where we get Socratic Seminar from- you sit in
  a circle and discuss by asking questions
• Always answered a question with a question
• Q- Why is the weather so horrible? A- Why do you
  think the weather is so horrible?
• Taught students to QUESTION society
• Believed the unexamined life is not worth
  living
• SADLY
• Got into trouble w/ Athenian government (for
  teaching students to QUESTION) and was forced to
  commit suicide by drinking hemlock juice/ poison

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2. Plato

• Student of Socrates
• Fascinated by question of reality how do we know
  what is real?
• Believed concepts/ ideas were true reality
• physical objects are just shadows
• Ex a beautiful woman is beautiful only because
  she has characteristics of the IDEA of beauty, on
  her own, she is just a mere shadow of what is
  beauty (think of features people think are
  beautiful in Hollywood, are they similar
  features?)
• Wrote about govt in his book the Republic
• believed philosopher-kings should rule because
  only they were enlightened and had true wisdom

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3. Aristotle

• Student of Plato
• Believed we only know true reality by observation
  and study of things
• Used logic to classify/understand
• He was MUCH more practical than his teacher
  Plato, he wanted facts
• Interested in everything
• wrote on thought, science, art, etc.
• Western scholarship based on him until 1600 AD
• Concerned more with the true nature of the world
  than Plato

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Using logic, tell me whether it is a valid or
invalid argument.

• Basic examples ( FOR FUN/ not notes) on logic
• If AB
• And BC
• Then A? (answer is C) .basic
  mathematical formula NOT using s
• 
  
• 1. All men are mortal 2. Socrates is a
  man . Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
• 1. Some plants are poisonous.2. Broccoli is
  a plantTherefore, broccoli is poisonous1. All
  doctors are men.2. My mother is a
  doctorTherefore, my mother is a man.

• The premise or phrases within the
  argument must be true or else the conclusion
  might not work, even if you use correct deductive
  reasoning.

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Answers to Logic Qs

• Valid
• Invalid
• Using the word some doesnt include all plants
• Invalid
• (first premise isnt true all men are not
  doctors, therefore the argument cant be valid)

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Peloponnesian Wars
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(No Transcript)
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Peloponnesian Wars 431-404 BC

• After Persian Wars, 2 main powers in Greece
• Athens w/ Delian League
• Sparta w/ Peloponnesian League
• Both wanted to be most powerful
• led to conflict 431 BC
• Series of wars fought between
• Spartan army
• Athenian navy
• Finally Spartans defeated Athenians (ironically
  w/ Persian help)
• Problem b/c fighting weakened all Greek
  city-states- thus, very easy for Macedonia to
  take over

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Peloponnesian Wars Posters!!!(Use pages 140-141
in text)

• With a partner
• You must pick a side in the Peloponnesian Wars
• Create a propaganda poster advertising YOUR
  league!
• Directions for poster
• 1. On one side of the paper- draw a picture that
  shows your sides strengths and add a slogan (be
  creative)
• 2. On the back -write two paragraphs about why
  your side is better than the other and why you
  will win (be sure to justify your reasoning)

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Check your knowledge..

• 1. Which Greek philosopher believed that the
  unexamined life is not worth living and left
  behind no writings of his own.
• 2. Which Greek philosopher believed concepts and
  ideas were the true reality and that people and
  humans were mere shadows of reality?
• 3. Which Greek philosopher believed true reality
  could only be uncovered through logic and
  observation?
• 4.Classical Greek art was sculpted using
  idealistic proportions, meaning what?
• 5.What famous temple was built to Athena in
  Athens which portrays the clean and calm lines
  without too much unnecessary details?

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Additional Activity
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A Dialogue(use pages 143-144)

• Write a 1- page dialogue between all three
  philosophers we discussed in class.
• The dialogue should have them discussing their
  views (not just random weather outside).
• Example
• Have them discuss their views on reality,
  society, questioning authority, etc.