AHSGE-Reading Review

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AHSGE-Reading Review
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Comprehension Strategies

• When you begin your exam..
• 1. Read the passages carefully.
• 2. Read the questions.
• 3. Strategically underline important text/info
• 4. Go back and skim for answers-chunk
  information as you go.
• Find the topic of your paragraphs. The main idea
  of a selection is usually stated in the first
  sentence of the first paragraph, or the last
  sentence of the first paragraph, such as a thesis
  statement.

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• Skim- Quickly skim or speed read through the
  passage stopping only at the first sentence in
  each paragraph. The first sentence will usually
  give you an idea of what the paragraph will be
  about.
• Read slowly and intently to find pertinent
  information after reading the questions.
• The key is TO READ the whole passage or section.

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Key Words/Clues

• Find Key words or clues
• Each question will contain clues as to where to
  find answers.
• Example What caused Martin to suddenly return to
  Paris?
• Key WordsMARTIN and PARIS
• Go back and skim the passage for those key words,
  and the answer will be close by.

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• Sometimes key words are not repeated in the
  passage.
• In this case, search for the general idea of the
  question.
• Numbers, years, and quotes can also serve as key
  words.
• Example Which of the following best describes
  the influence of Monets work in the 20th
  century?
• Key word 20th century

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Monitor your understanding

• Summarize as you read.
• Chunk your information by paragraphs.
• Read a paragraph stop and make notes in the
  margins of your test. What is the main point in
  the paragraph?
• Underline key words or important names, dates,
  etc. in the paragraph.
• Jot down a GIST statement in the margin to help
  you remember what you have read.

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• Question yourself as you read.
• Why is this important to the passage?
• What should I remember from this
• underline or star all important facts, details,
  names, events) This gives you a visual to find
  the info when looking for the answers.
• Predict what will come next
• Use the process of elimination. Write on your
  test and X out the choices you know are the wrong
  answers!
• Infer meanings- read between the lines

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Analyzing organizational patternsand Sequence of
Events

• Look for signal words to identify patterns
• Chronological Order
• First, then, after, later, and finally
• Cause-and-effect Order
• Therefore, because, subsequently, as a result
• Comparison Contrast
• Similarly, in contrast, likewise, or on the other
  hand
• Spatial Order-( the order of where things are)
• Look for prepositionsunder the couch, beside the
  bed, around the corner

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Using Context Clues

• Look at words and sentences surrounding a new
  word or an unfamiliar word.
• Look before, at, and after the word or phrase.
• Connect what you know with what the author has
  written (background knowledge)
• Use context clues by looking for synonyms or
  antonyms nearby to determine meaning

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Using reference materials

• Dictionary, glossary, thesaurus, Internet
• Look for guide words at the top of the pages.
• Look for part of speech, definition, or synonyms,
  word origins.
• Apply the meaning to what you have read.

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Tips for reading graphic aidsCharts, maps,
tables, and diagrams

• PREVIEW and PREDICT the passage by reading the
  subtitle, title, labels, and other explanatory
  features
• Apply the labels to the graphic aid
• Maps include a compass rose and legend to help
  you interpret direction and symbols.
• Charts and graphs compare info in categories
  running horizontally and vertically.

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Chart
Remember to read ALL fine print and look for
asterisks if the chart or map includes these!
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Previewing Passages

• PREVIEW-title, subtitle, key words, captions,
  illustrations, footnotes, etc.
• LOOK for bold words, italicized or underlined
  print. (This will give you an idea of the purpose
  of writing)
• INFER meanings based on background knowledge.
  Draw on past experiences and readings

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Propaganda/Fallacies

• Propaganda-uses emotional tactics to sway a
  readers opinion or to convince a reader to do
  something he or she may not ordinarily do.
• Loaded language
• Bandwagon
• Testimonial
• Fear

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Loaded Language- a common technique with specific
implied or exaggerated meanings to sway a reader

• Our competitions product is disgusting at best.
  They take chicken parts, mush them together, fry
  them in lard, and then deep freeze them before
  finally disposing of them in your stores to buy
  for your children!

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Bandwagon- uses peer pressure to convince the
reader to join the crowd because everyone is
doing it and you dont want to be left behind.

• Smart shoppers insist on using Tide with bleach.
  Its the smart choice for you and your family!
  Dont waste your money on the other brand no one
  else does!

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Testimonials- using a famous person to convince
you to buy a product.

• Michael Jordan drinks Purity brand milk! It does
  his body good! You should drink Purity, too!
• Penelope Cruz is an Easy, Breezy, Beautiful,
  COVER GIRL!

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Fear-popular among political candidates to
present dreaded circumstances and follow it up
with something to prevent that horrible event.

• H1N1 Vaccine-
• The WHO says that ALL Americans should take the
  H1N1 vaccine or face inevitable death.

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Literary Elements

• Be familiar with all literary elements studied in
  English class.
• Common elements
• Simile( uses like or as)
• metaphor (compares two unlike things without
  like or as) The past is a bucket of ashes
• allusion ( a reference to a well known person,
  place, situation or character from history, music
  or art or literature.) Snowball , who had
  studied an old book of Julius Caesars
  campaigns
• personification- giving human qualities to
  something NOT HUMAN. ExThe trees whispered a
  sweet lullaby.

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• Alliteration- the repetition of initial consonant
  sounds
• EX And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling
  of each purple curtain/ Thrilled me from Poes
  The Raven
• Hyperbole- Extreme exaggeration
• Ex Her screaming split my ears open!

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Theme

• Theme- a central message in a work of
  literature.
• Stated theme- message is stated directly in the
  text.
• Implied theme- revealed gradually through events,
  dialogue, or description. You will have to infer
  meaning with implied themes.
• Use common sense when all else fails!

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Making inferences

• An inference involves using your reason and
  experience to come up with an idea based on what
  a writer implies or suggests, but does not
  directly state.

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Tone/mood

• Tone- the writers attitude toward his/her
  subject.
• Mood- the feeling created in you, the reader, as
  you read a piece of literature.

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Fact/Opinion

• Facts usually have no ambiguous words. Can be
  proven in some way.
• For example, how long is a long time? What
  defines an ordinary person?
• Opinions may be set out in the context of words
  like thought, believed, understood, or wished.

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Drawing Conclusions

• Involves thinking or reasoning when all facts are
  not given in the text.
• You are using clues to discover what has happened
  or if it is true
• Think The Cask of Amontillado
• Why was Fortunato dressed like he was?

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Predicting Outcomes

• Deciding what will happen next within a story or
  after it has ended.
• We can predict that Fortunatos punishment will
  be
• Fitting
• Mild
• Moderate
• Deadly