SENIOR HEALTH REPRODUCTION

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Reproduction
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Puberty

• A time in life when humans become capable of
  reproduction. Egg cells mature in girls and sperm
  are produced in boys. The social and emotional
  maturity necessary for parenting is reached later
  than physical maturity

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Sex

• Term used to refer to male or female gender or to
  the physical part of a relationship

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Sexuality

• Refers to all aspects of a persons maleness or
  femaleness, including thoughts, experiences,
  roles, feelings and fantasies

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Physical changes at PUBERTY!
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Phsyical changes at Puberty

• Similar changes in boys and girls
• Pituitary gland in brain stimulates pubertal
  changes
• Growth of hair under arms, on legs and in groin
• Growth spurt height and weight
• Girls 9-16 (average 10-13)
• Boys 10-18 (average 11-14)

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• Increased gland secretions of oil and sweat
  which often results in acne and/or body odor
• SOOOOO........

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PUT ON DEODARANT DAILY!!!
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• Size of sexual organs varies greatly and usually
  does not affect sexual or reproductive function

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• Male Reproductive System

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EXTERNAL PARTS

• Penis the male reproductive and urinary organ
• Organ size increases and decreases due to blood
  flow
• Size of penis varies
• Some penises are circumcised at birth to remove
  foreskin

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• Scrotum contains the testicles
• The scrotum keeps the sperm at proper temperature
  (about 92.6, six degrees below body temperature
• Changes in size and shape with warmth or cold

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INTERNAL PARTS

• Testicles produce sperm and testosterone (male
  hormone)
• Vas Deferens tubes through which sperm passes
  out of testicles
• Urethra tube through which semen passes out of
  the penis and through which urine passes out of
  the bladder. Urine and semen never flow through
  the urethra at the same time

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• Sperm mixes with milky fluid called semen from
  the seminal vesicle
• Production of sperm and semen is continuous
• Sperm is carried into female body by insertion of
  the penis through the vagina
• Sperm matures and can produce pregnancy,
  beginning at age 12-15
• Each ejaculation contains about one teaspoon of
  liquid and millions of sperm

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• Female Reproductive System

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EXTERNAL PARTS

• Breasts- produce milk for young
• Labia- folds of skin that cover the clitoris,
  urethra and entrance to vagina
• Clitoris- small pea-sized organ that is full of
  sensitive nerve endings
• Urethra- opening through which urine passes out
  of the body
• Vulva- term for the outer genital area that
  includes the labia, clitoris and vaginal opening

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INTERNAL PARTS

• VAGINA
• Passage from the outside of the body to the
  uterus
• Entrance to the vagina is between the legs in
  front of the anus
• The entrance is for the penis during intercourse,
• for sperm into uterus, for birth of baby, and
  passage for menstrual flow

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• Uterus small, muscular, pear shaped organ
  located in the lower abdomen. The fetus grows in
  the uterus until it is ready to be born

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• Ovaries- two organs located in the abdomen that
  produce eggs and sex hormones estrogen and
  proestrogen
• Fallopian tubes- tubes through which eggs pass
  from ovaries to uterus site of Fertilization
• Cervix- narrow end of uterus, opens into the
  vagina and stretches to allow the baby to be born

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Fertilization
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ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

• the development of a fertilized ovum outside the
  uterus, as in a Fallopian tube

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Fertilization and Genetic Mix

• The human body is made up of 46 chromosomes
• The sperm and the egg each contribute 23
  chromosomes

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• The mothers 23 chromosomes pair up with the
  fathers 23 chromosomes, side by side
• The become intertwined tightly and then unzip
  so the each new chromosome contains some genes
  from the father and some from the mother.

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• The sperm contains either an X or Y chromosome
• The mothers ova contains only an X chromosome
• When the fathers sperm contributes an X
  chromosome the result is a girl XX
• When the sperm contributes a Y chromosome the
  result is a boy XY

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• The ratio of boys born to girls is 103-107 boys
  for every 100 girls
• After the first year of infancy, approximately
  the same number of boys are alive as girls,
  because infant males tend to have a higher death
  rate than infant females
• Because genetics are mixed children do not
  resemble parents identically

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DNA PART I DNA PART II
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DNA PART III DNA PART IV
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WHAT ABOUT TWINS?!
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FRATERNAL TWINS

• Fertilization of two different eggs by two
  different sperm. The resulting zygotes contain
  different genetic combinations.
• Can be a boy and a girl, a boy and a boy, or a
  girl and a girl
• Fraternal twins occur more often than identical
  twins 2/3 are fraternal

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Identical twins

• pair of twins who developed from a single
  fertilized ovum and therefore have the exact same
  genetics and are always of the same sex
• The fertilized ovum, the zygote, splits

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Larger Multiple Births

• Triplets and larger number of babies may be
  identical or fraternal, depending on number of
  eggs fertilized
• The more fetuses there are, the smaller they
  usually are at birth

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Development of Baby

• Day 1 Sperm joins with ovum (egg) to form one
  cell smaller than a grain of salt. The new life
  has inherited 23 chromosomes from each parent, 46
  in all. This one cell contains the complex
  genetic blueprint for every detail of human
  development the childs sex, hair and eye
  color, height, skin tone.

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• Days 3-4 The fertilized egg ("zygote") travels
  down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where
  the lining has been prepared for implantation.

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• Days 5-9 The zygote implants itself in the rich
  lining of the uterus and begins to draw
  nourishment.

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• Days 10-14 The developing embryo signals its
  presence in the mother's body through chemicals
  and hormones, preventing the mother from
  menstruating.

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Three Weeks - A Beating Heart!

• DAY 28 Foundations of the brain, spinal cord,
  and nervous system are already established.The
  backbone and muscles are forming. Arms, legs,
  eyes, and ears have begun to grow.

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• Day 30 At one month old, the embryo is 10,000
  times larger than the original fertilized egg
  and developing rapidly. The heart is pumping
  increasing quantities of blood through the
  circulatory system. The placenta forms a unique
  barrier that keeps the mothers blood separate
  while allowing food and oxygen to pass through to
  the embryo.

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Five Weeks - Tiny Fingers Form

• Now the four primitive limb buds appear, first
  the arms, then the legs. Five fingers can be
  discerned in the hand.
• At this stage toxic substances such as Thalomide
  may alter or hinder limb development despite the
  highly-protective placenta.
• The head, disproportionately large at this time,
  is flexed on the rest of the body, about a
  quarter inch over all. The eyes darken as pigment
  is produced.
• The umbilical cord joins the embryo to the
  placenta and to the yolk sac, which manufactures
  blood cells during the first weeks of the
  embryos life.

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Six Weeks - Brain Waves

• Brain waves can be detected and recorded with an
  electroencephalogram.
• The liver is now taking over the production of
  blood cells, and the brain begins to control
  movement of muscles and organs.
• The mother is about to miss her second period and
  has probably confirmed that she is pregnant.

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8-9 Weeks - Fully Formed

• At a little more than an inch long, the
  developing life is now a fetus Latin for young
  one.
• Everything is now present that will be found in a
  fully developed adult. The heart has been beating
  for more than a month, the stomach produces
  digestive juices, and the kidneys have begun to
  function. Forty muscle sets begin to operate in
  conjunction with the nervous system.
• The babys body responds to touch, although the
  mother will not be able to feel movement until
  the fourth or fifth month.
• Fingerprints are already evident in the skin. The
  baby will curve his fingers around an object
  placed in the palm of his hand.

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12-13 Weeks - Baby Can Smile

• The baby now sleeps, awakens, and exercises its
  muscles energetically - turning his head, curling
  his toes, and opening and closing his mouth. The
  palm, when stroked, will make a fist. The baby is
  breathing amniotic fluid to help develop his
  respiratory system.
• Fine hair has begun to grown on the head and
  sexual differentiation has become apparent.

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Month 4 - Baby Hears Mother's Voice

• By the end of this month, the baby is eight to
  ten inches long and weighs half a pound or more.
  The mother will probably start to show now.
• The ears are functioning and there is evidence
  that the baby hears quite a bit the mothers
  voice and heartbeat as well as external noises.

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Month 5 - Half Way Home!

• Half the pregnancy has now passed, and the baby
  is about 12 inches long.
• The mother has definitely begun to feel movement
  by now. If a sound is especially startling, the
  baby may jump in reaction.
• Babies are routinely saved when born prematurely
  at 21 to 22 weeks after fertilization, and in
  some cases, even younger babies have lived when
  born at 19 weeks!

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Months 6-9 - Growing Baby
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• 6th MonthOil and sweat glands are functioning.
  The delicate skin of the growing baby is
  protected from the fetal waters by a special
  ointment called vermix. If the baby were born
  at this month and given proper care, he would
  survive.
• 7th Month The baby now uses the four senses of
  vision, hearing, taste, and touch. She can
  recognize her mothers voice.
• 8th Month The skin begins to thicken with a
  layer of fat stored underneath for insulation and
  nourishment. Antibodies increasingly build up.
  The baby absorbs a gallon of amniotic fluid per
  day the fluid is completely replaced every three
  hours.
• 9th Month Toward the end of this month the baby
  is ready for birth.The average duration of
  pregnancy is 280 days from the first day of the
  mothers last menstrual period, but that varies.
  Most babies (85-95) are born somewhere between
  266 and 294 days. By this time the infant
  normally weighs six to nine pounds, and his heart
  is pumping 300 gallons of blood per day. He is
  fully capable of life outside the womb.

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cesarean birth

• A cesarean section is also known as a c-section,
  which is sometimes also written as c/s. This type
  of birth is done by a surgical incision in the
  abdomen and uterus to allow a baby or babies to
  be born safely when a vaginal birth is not the
  safest route. The current cesarean rate in the
  United States is over 30

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the end!!!!