THE%20ISMs

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THE ISMs
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Cubism

• Emerges in France between 1906 and 1909
• Developed by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges
  Braque, evolved from theories and later work of
  Paul Cézanne
• Analytic Cubism (1909-12)
• Abandons traditional perspective for the fourth
  dimension of time
• Elimination of color, application of collage

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Cubism

• Synthetic Cubism (1912-14)
• Revives interest in color, texture and tactile
  qualities
• The introduction of ephemera, lettering and
  newsprint to create a relationship between
  illusion and realtiy
• Creates new visual language adapted and adopted
  by many designers and illustrators

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Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, Pablo Picasso, 1907
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Head of a Woman, Pablo Picasso, 1907
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Reservoir at Horta de Ebro, France, Pablo
Picasso, 1911
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Man with a Violin, Pablo Picasso, 1911-1912
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Bowl of Fruit, Juan Gris, 1911-1912
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The City, Fernand Léger, 1919
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From La Fin du monde, Fernand Léger (with words
by Blaise Cenrars), 1919
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From La Fin du monde, Fernand Léger (with words
by Blaise Cenrars), 1919
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Vanity Fair Cover, Jean Carlu, 1930
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Poster by Paul Colin, 1935
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Poster by Austin Cooper, 1934
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Futurism

• Founded in 1909 by Italian writer/poet Filippo
  Tommaso Marinetti
• Conceived as a literary movement
• Among the mix the new religion of speed
• Emergence of typographer/poet
• Challenges tradition of printed page and the
  predictable sequence of information
• Type and collage elements create picture-poems

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Carlo Carra, 1914
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Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, 1915
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Ardengo Soffici, 1915
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Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, 1915
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Poems by Guillaume Apollinaire, 1918
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Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (French Nu
descendant un escalier n 2), Marcel Duchamp, 1912
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Cover by Fortunato Depero, 1927
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De Marinis Lorie logo, Fortunato Depero, 1929
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Daily Herald Poster,E. McKnight Kauffer, c.1919
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Lintrans poster, A.M. Cassandre, 1925
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Metropolis Poster,Heinz Schulz-Neudamm, 1926
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Dada(ism)

• Literary and art movement developed in
  Switzerland during 1916
• Response to futility of First World War
• Group of poets and artists set out to ridicule
  established values and beliefs
• Quickly spreads to New York, Paris and Berlin

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Dada(ism)

• The need to shock requires new forms of visual
  communication
• Favored techniques
• Bold typography
• Collage
• Photomontage
• Ceases to be effective around 1922, gives birth
  to Surrealism

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Karawane, Hugo Ball, 1917
https//www.youtube.com/watch?vz_8Wg40F3yo
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Le Coeur à barbe (cover), 1922
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Fountain, R. Mutt (Marcel Duchamp), 1917
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Da-Dandy, Hannah Höch, 1919
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Untitled (Katan or 703), Kurt Schwitters, 1920
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Ursonate, Kurt Schwitters, 1922-32
https//www.youtube.com/watch?v6X7E2i0KMqM
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The Merzbau, Kurt Schwitters, 1923-1937
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Whoever Reads Bourgeois Newspapers Becomes Blind
and Deaf Away with These Stultifying Bandages!,
John Heartfield, 1930
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Adolf the Superman, John Heartfield, 1932
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O Tannenbaum, John Heartfield, 1934
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Shells from a Cathedral (AIZ Cover), John
Heartfield, 1934
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Surrealism

• Art movement founded in Paris in 1924 by André
  Breton
• Emerges from aftermath of Dada
• Challenges accepted concepts of normal/rational
• Attracted to imaginative potential of dreams and
  the unconscious
• Attached great significance to the work of
  psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud

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Melancholy and Mystery of a Street, Giorgio de
Chirico, 1914
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Painting, Joan Miro, 1933
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Lop Lop collage, Max Ernst, 1934
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Ingres Violin, Man Ray, 1924
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Newspaper Poster, A.M. Cassandre, 1937
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Eyes Cover for Harpers Magazine, A.M.
Cassandre, 1939
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Expressionism

• Emerges as organized movement in Germany before
  World War I
• Tendency to depict subjective emotions and
  personal responses as opposed to objective
  reality - symbolic content
• Influenced by early German woodcuts
• Woodcuts, lithographs and posters important
  media for expressionist artists

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Expressionism

• Exaggerations and distortions
• Line and color often pronounced
• Color value and contrast intensified
• Tactile surface qualities

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The Old King, Georges Rouault, 1914
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The Survivors, Käthe Kollwitz, 1923
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Der Golem poster, 1920s
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Der Januskopf Poster, 1920
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Nosferatu Posters, 1920s
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Suprematism

• Russian art movement created by painter Kasimir
  Malevich in 1915
• Evolves from Malevichs earlier support of
  futurism and cubism
• Espouses the expressive qualities of abstract,
  geometric shapes and pure color
• Philosophy - art for arts sake
• Direct counterpoint to the utilitarian concepts
  of Constructivism

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Black Square, Kasimir Malevich, 1915
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Suprematist Composition, Kasimir Malevich, 1915
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Suprematist Composition, Kasimir Malevich, 1916
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Doctor Mobuse Poster, Kasimir Malevich, 1922