Two case studies from the

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(No Transcript)
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Two case studies from the
Problem Statement

• Stanford Graduate School of Business

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Sustainability case study reveals
Problem Statement

• Designers struggle to share processes

• Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision
• Actual Process Failed

Successful Process Existed
Discussion Forum
Lacked ability to perform model based Life Cycle
Assessment
Analysis Results
Structure Steel Concrete
Material Responsibility ? ?
No Results Stakeholder goals not met
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Sustainability case study reveals
Problem Statement

• Designers struggle to share processes

• Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision
• Actual Process Failed Successful Process
  Existed

• Take away from this case study
• I could not find a design processto meet
  stakeholder goals
• Even though this process had already been used
  in my firm

Discussion Forum
Lacked ability to perform model based Life Cycle
Assessment
Analysis Results
Structure Steel Concrete
Material Responsibility ? ?
No Results Stakeholder goals not met
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Day lighting case study reveals
Problem Statement

• Designers struggle to understand processes

• Observed Louver Configuration Design Process

Input Architecture Model

• Options Considered 2-3 Louver Configurations
• Total Design Time Per Option30 hours
• Non-Value Added Time Per Option 15 hours

Time Per Design Task
Output Day Light Video
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Day lighting case study reveals
Problem Statement

• Designers struggle to understand processes

• Observed Louver Configuration Design Process

Input Architecture Model

• Options Considered 2-3 Louver Configurations
• Total Design Time Per Option24 hours
• Non-Value Added Time Per Option 16 hours

• Take away from this case study
• Process is often repeated
• Process is inefficient.
• No investment in improving process
• .until principals saw this slide

Time Per Design Task
Output Day Light Video
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The Big Idea

• Web-based Collaborative Process Integration
  Platform

Communicate Integrate Visualize
Share processes Mix customize processes Process metrics
Understand processes Automate processes Solution spaces
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My contribution

• Web-based Collaborative Process Integration
  Platform

Communicate Integrate Visualize
Share processes Mix customize processes Process metrics
Understand processes Automate processes Solution spaces
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Outline

• Intuition Story
• Research Question
• Research Method
• Expected Contributions
• Discussion

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Process integration platform
Intuition

• A scenario to explain the tool

• Project Stanford Graduate School of Business
• Organization Day Lighting Consultant
• Options Two atrium shapes
• Goals Reduce energy use achieve good day
  light be beautiful.

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Legend
Intuition

• Narrative convention (Haymaker, 2006)

Manual
Tool Used
Automated
Information Dependency
What does the information look like?
Barrel color indicates the status of the source
information. Green up-to-date Red not updated
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A proposed platform
Intuition

• Designers organize design problem (Haymaker, 2006)

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Designer observes others design
Intuition
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Designer starts lighting analysis
Intuition

• by searching for appropriate processes

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Designer evaluates search result
Intuition

• And chooses two appropriate processes

PROCESS USAGE PROCESS USAGE
Range, Average
Iteration Time (hrs) 8 to 40, 22
of Iterations 1 to 15, 3
(a) Designer browses search results (b) looks at
process info finds two appropriate processes.
(c) Works with user community, to begin
automating an inefficient process. (d) selects
this process for inclusion into his project.
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c
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Save information to process
Intuition
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Use process to produce results
Intuition
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Research Question
Research Question

• What is a design process sharing methodology?
• How does implementing this methodology affect
  design process efficiency and effectiveness?

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Research Method
Research Method

• Synthesize literature in other fields and verify
  with survey and case studies in AEC.
• Develop methodology for design process sharing.
• Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test
  the methodology.
• Measure the effect of this methodology on AEC
  design processes.

Process Modeling
Human Computer Interaction
KnowledgeManagement
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Develop characteristics
Research Method

• for the design process sharing methodology

• From Survey

• From Literature

• User-Friendly
• Crowd-Sourcing
• Information Referencing
• Broad
• Searchable
• From Case Studies
• Scalable
• Modular
• Transparent

Transparent
Scalable
Incentivizing
Computable
Usable
Modular
Searchable
Sharable
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Process model characteristics
Research Method
Transparent Quickly and accurately understood by all
Modular Creative solutions are built from the recombination of existing ideas (Hargadon Bechky 2006)
Searchable Algorithms that predict users intent by self-learning
Usable Intuitive, embedded in design process
Scalable From analyzing the entire campus to an individual steel connection
Sharable Easy setting of access privileges, a standard for communicating processes
Incentivized To use processes To develop new processes
Computable Capable of driving processes automatically
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Research Method
Research Method
AEC Design
AEC Design

• Synthesize literature in other fields and verify
  with survey and case studies in AEC.
• Develop methodology for design process sharing.
• Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test
  the methodology.
• Measure the effect of this methodology on AEC
  design processes.

Process Modeling
Human Computer Interaction
KnowledgeManagement
Methodology
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Measure Existing Processes

• Proposed breakdown of modeling tasks

MODEL
POST-PROCESS
PLAN
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Measure Existing Processes

• PLAN tasks

TASK TYPE DEFINITION VALUE ADDED?
PLAN 1 search look for best practice process and modeling methods. No
PLAN 2 attain obtain software, models, geometry, drawings, codes, etc. No
PLAN 3 strategize identify design goals, constraints, and context and decide appropriate modeling process. Yes
PLAN 4 develop create new tools and methods to facilitate design process with the intent of reuse. Yes
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Measure Existing Processes

• MODEL tasks

TASK TYPE DEFINITION VALUE ADDED?
MODEL 5 translate / filter redefine information in a new format simplify, regroup, or take a subset of information. No
MODEL 6 generate define a model of the physical world for the first time. Yes
MODEL 7 setup / preprocess give instruction to the computer about how to analyze the model you generated. Yes
MODEL 8 calculate Converting inputs to outputs according to formulas, tables, graphs, etc. No
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Measure Existing Processes

• POST-PROCESS tasks

TASK TYPE DEFINITION VALUE ADDED?
POST-PROCESS 9 interpret / validate understand results and assess whether the simulation results are reasonable. Yes
POST-PROCESS 10 troubleshoot / fix find problems with the model, correct the problems. No
POST-PROCESS 11 document results communicate results and design intent. No
POST-PROCESS 12 document process communicate design tasks and assumptions. No
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Measure Existing Processes
Research Method
Effectiveness is measured by MACDADI value of
design
Efficiency is measured by timing process tasks
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Introduce a new process
Research Method

• or collect processes from around the world

• Post the processes on a website.

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Measure the difference
RESEARCH METHOD

• before after the use of the tool

Without Tool Efficiency 50 Effectiveness -0.58
With Tool Efficiency 92 Effectiveness -0.58
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Measure efficiency
RESEARCH METHOD

• before after the use of the tool

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Contributions to Knowledge
Expected Contribution

• Question 2 How does implementing this
  methodology affect process efficiency
  effectiveness?

• Question 1 What is a design process sharing
  methodology?

Contribution A methodology for communicating
processes supported by evidence of its impact on
the efficiency and effectiveness of design
processes in AEC.
Efficiency 30 mostly b/c transfer/filter
time 11 hrs.
AEC Design
Design value remained constant, so effectiveness
unchanged
Methodology Applied to AEC Design
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Expected impact on industry
Expected Contribution

• Lay the foundation for continuous improvements in
  design process efficiency and effectiveness

• Which permit improvedmulti-disciplinary design
  optimization

• Which is essential for improving the
  sustainability of the built environment.

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Acknowledgements
Sir Ove Arup founded his practice in London in
1946 based on a belief in total design the
integration of the design process and the
interdependence of all the professions involved,
the creative nature of engineering, the value of
innovation and the social purpose of design.
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Data Schema
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Product Data Schema
Product File Name Software Format Software
Version Suffix Status Preview Reference Content
Reference Option Set Name Option
Name Continuous or Discrete Version Set
Name Version Name Object Set Name Object Name
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Organization Data Schema
Organization Company Title Name
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Process Data Schema
Process Action Input Formats Output
Formats Tool Tool Name Tool Version or
Language Tool Icon Reference Time Metric 1 Time
Metric 2 Time Metric 3 Automation
Status Interoperability Reference
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Graph Data Schema
Node Node ID Product Reference Organization
Reference Process Reference Node
Dependency Iterative Continuous
View Process Perspective ID Process Title Process
Description Node ID Node Location in the
GUI Visualization Information (Details not shown
here)