Face Transplants And Computerized Surgical Planning

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Face TransplantsAnd Computerized Surgical
Planning

• Luisa Arias
• BME 281 Section 2

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Face Transplant History

• Patients with disfigured faces
• Burns
• Accidents
• Disease
• Birth defects
• Before face transplants
• Multiple surgeries to transfer skin to face
• Patients face could be replanted

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Face Transplants

• There are two types
• Partial Face Transplant
• First successful one France 2005
• Only use part of donor's face for patient
• Full Face Transplant
• First successful one Spain 2010
• Donor's entire face is transplanted onto patient

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Richard Norris
5
Computerized Surgical Planning

• Modern way to plan surgeries
• High resolution cross-sectional images
• 3D images can be analyzed on computers
• Allows surgeons to perform surgery before actual
  surgery
• Procedure with fewer risks
• More time efficient
• See how donors face fits on patient
• See what has to be modified on cranium
• 3D models used in surgery room

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CSP How It Works

• Doctors get a model of patient (CT, MRI, X-Rays,
  etc.)
• Transfer result to computer for 3D model
• Includes landmark features to be able to align
• Analyze model for usable data
• Bones, tissues, blood vessels
• Surgery planned and stimulated using 3D model
• Model used in operating room as guide

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Limitations

• Ethical debate on how to deal with donors
• In 2011 face transplant cost 353,480
• Not always covered by insurance
• Surgery lasts 8-36 hours followed by 10-14
  hospital stay
• Infections can require second transplant or
  reconstruction with skin graft
• Patients immune system compromised
• Immunosuppressive drugs for lifetime
• 14,000-20,000 a year

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Future

• Continue to improve Computer systems
• Reduce risk of infection
• Find a way to avoid compromising immune system
• Figure out how to solve ethical issue

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References

• Alves, Patrícia V. et al. "Three-Dimensional
  Computerized Orthognathic Surgical Treatment
  Planning." Clinics in Plastic Surgery 34.3
  (2007) 427-36. Web
• "Computer Assisted Surgery." Wikipedia. Wikimedia
  Foundation, n.d. Web. 
• "Face Transplant." Wikipedia. Wikimedia
  Foundation, 31 Aug. 2014. Web.
• McKenzie, Hamish. "How to Do a Face
  Transplant." PandoDaily How to Do a Face
  Transplant Comments. Pandodaily, 1 Apr. 2013.
  Web.
• Metz, Lionel N., and Shane Burch.
  "Computer-Assisted Surgical Planning and
  Image-Guided Surgical Navigation in Refractory
  Adult Scoliosis Surgery." Spine 33.9 (2008)
  E287-292. Web.
• Park, Madison. "The Price Tag for the First Face
  Transplant in the U.S. Is..." The Chart RSS. CNN,
  27 Jan. 2011. Web.
• Soga, S., et al. "CT Angiography for Surgical
  Planning in Face Transplantation
  Candidates." American Journal of
  Neuroradiology 34.10 (2013) 1873-881. Web