Washington

1
Washingtons Presidency

• 11th grade American History

2
The Bill of Rights

• Protected personal liberties such as freedom of
  speech, freedom of religion, trial by jury.
• Protected states rights
• Currently 27 Amendments to the constitution

3
Washingtons Presidency

• Instituted
• Department of state-foreign affairs
• Dept of the Treasury-national finances
• Dept of War- military
• Attorney General-handle government legal
  matters-Edmund Randolph

4
American Government

• Cabinet-presidents advisors
• First congress-Senate and House of
  Representatives
• First met April 1789
• First Supreme court-Washington appointed 3
  northern judges and 3 southern. Goal make
  everyone happy.

5
Reform Movements of the 1800s Pre Civil War

• 11th grade American History

6
The Second Great Awakening

• Religious Revival
• Fire and Brimstone Preachers
• Evangelical Protestants
• Goal be saved second coming of Christ
• Sparked many reform movements
• Wanted to achieve perfection so that Christ would
  come sooner.

7
Millennialism (Paradise on Earth)

• The belief in the second coming of Christ and
  Judgment day. If everyone were good, Christ would
  come sooner.
• The 19th century rejected Calvinism
  (predestination)-the belief that once a sinner,
  always a sinner. Now people believed that one
  could become good. (saved)

8
Health and wellness

• American Medical Association formed in 1847-until
  then, no group set aside to tell the real Doctors
  from the crazies
• Many interesting theories developed about how to
  best take care of oneself
• Believe millennium would not come if people were
  unhealthy

9
Medical Science

• Phrenology-carefully charting the shape of a
  persons cranium determined how the mind
  functioned
• 37 faculties on the head each representing a
  different trait or habit or behavioral tendency

10
Medical Science

• American School of Anthropology size of head
  determined how smart a person was. 1st time
  science was used to justify racism and
  sexism-white men had the biggest heads
• Hydropathy or water cure fill body with water
  to be healthy

11
Sylvester Graham

• Most famous health reformer
• Lectured on diet and hygiene
• Believed people could fight off diseases by
  eating healthy foods like fruits, vegetables and
  grains
• Inventor of the Graham Cracker

12
Institutions

• Emerged to hold societies social problems
• Orphanages
• Juvenile homes
• Penitentiaries
• Mental hospitals
• Poor houses
• Goal to turn convict/patient into model citizen
• Take outcast and make them well-functioning, law
  abiding citizens

13
Immigration

• Prejudice against Jews, blacks, Eastern and
  Southern Europeans and Native Americans
• Americans seemed to dislike the most the newest
  arrivals.
• Immigrants were given the worst jobs and treated
  very unfairly
• Unequal pay and poor housing conditions.
• American Colonization Society- Free blacks to
  Liberia

14
Communitarians

• Aimed at creating totally new order rather than
  improving the old one.
• Ephrata-work and worship, very primitive. Men in
  one building, women in another.
• Harmony-Steady and industrious. Sold their goods
  to the outside world. Harmonists believed that
  the kingdom of Jesus Christ was in the near
  future.

15
Shakers

• Led by Mother Ann Lee-took their name from a
  dance they did as part of a ritual celebration.
  Taught that god was both male and female because
  both were present male in Jesus and the female in
  Ann Lee. Relative equality. Spent their days in
  silence and hard work. Eventually died out
  because they were not allowed to have children.

16
Oneida

• Founded by John Humphrey Noyes-he was a lawyer
  and a clergyman. He believed people were
  incapable of sinning once they were saved.
  Believed in complex marriage. Practiced
  stirpiculture-create the best children possible
  both morality and hereditary.

17
Anti-Slavery

• William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator marked the
  beginning of the anti-slavery movement. Believed
  in nonresistance.
• White southerners believed abolition was the
  problem, not slavery.

18
Womens Movement

• Womens movement began with females volunteering
  for causes-secular, religious and charitable
  causes, health reform, temperance and
  anti-slavery.
• Seneca Falls convention in July 1848- organized
  my Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
  Wrote a declaration of sentiments based on the
  language of the Declaration of Independence.