Surface water monitoring in Latvia - macrozoobenthos

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Surface water monitoring in Latvia -
macrozoobenthos

• Didzis Levans
• Natalja Grudule
• State agency "Latvian Environment, geology and
  meteorology agency (LEGMA)

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Surface water monitoring programs of Latvia
(LEGMA)

• National surface water monitoring program
• ICP-Waters and ICP-IM programs
• Data are sent to EIONET (EUROWATERNET)

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National surface water monitoring (LEGMA)

• Linked to the EU Water Framework Directive
  (2000/60/EC)
• Based on the Law on Water management designates
  four river basin districts (RBD) for Latvia
• Venta River Basin District
• Lielupe River Basin District
• Gauja River Basin District
• Daugava River Basin District

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Background of the National surface water
monitoring program with respect to macrozoobenthos

• Sampling frequency - once a year
• Spring or autumn
• Total sampling sites 245 (rivers and lakes)
• Composition and abundance of benthic
  macroinvertebrate fauna (species level)

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Total number of sampling sites for
macrozoobenthos in 2007
River Basin Districts Total number of rivers Total number of lakes
Gauja 24 8
Daugava 41 87
Lielupe 28 6
Venta 34 17
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Sampling methods

• The methods are used for the rhitral and potamal
  reaches of rivers
• Macroinvertebrate samples are collected with
  hand-net (frame size 25 x 25 cm mesh size of 0.5
  mm)
• In the selected stretches of rivers 10 individual
  macroinvertebrate samples by means of kick
  sampling are taken
• Samples are fixed in etanol (70) solution
• APHA (USA standard methods)

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• the individual samples are taken according to the
  occurrence of all biotopes in small rivers
• If the rivers are deeper than 1 meter, the
  samples are taken only in costal parts

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ICP-IM and ICP-Waters programs

• Physically chemical parameters, 12 times per
  year
• Heavy metals - 6 per year
• Biological quality elements - macroinvertebrates
  - 2 per year

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ICP and IM monitoring stations
1- Rucava 2 Amula, 3 Zvirbuli, 4 Tervete,
5 L. Jugla, 6 Taurene, 7 - Tulija
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ICP-Waters monitoring sites

• Five sampling points
• Liela Jugla, 0,2 km upstream to Zaki (Daugava
  River basin)
• Tervete, upstream to Tervete (village) (Lielupe
  River Basin)
• Stream of Zvirbuli, Kemeru Bog, (Lielupe River
  Basin)
• Amula (mouth) (Venta River Basin)
• Tulija 0,3 km upstream to Zoseni (Gauja River
  Basin)

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Observations used for assessment
Station Observations programme Type of observations Started (chem.)
Stream Tulija st. Zoseni ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates 1946
River L. Jugla st. Zaki ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates 1954
Stream Zvirbuli ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates 1967
River Amula river mouth ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates 2001
River Terveteriver mouth ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates 2001
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The methods for ICP monitoring

• For ICP Waters, qualitative samples of
  invertebrate fauna from streams or rivers are
  used
• Absence or presence of indicator species reflect
  the water quality
• The methods are the same as used for the
  Integrated monitoring

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Integrated monitoring

• There are only two sampling stations Taurene
  and Rucava
• The samples are collected twice a year - in
  spring and autumn
• Composition and abundance of benthic
  macroinvertebrate fauna (species level)

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Additional observations used for assessment
within ICP-IM
Station Observations programme Type of observations Started
Rucava GAW/EMEP ICP-IM Depositions Precipitation chemistry Soil, water biology 1985
Zoseni GAW/EMEP ICP-IM Depositions Precipitation chemistry Soil, water biology 1995
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The methods for Integrated Monitoring

• Macrozoobenthos samples are taken from hard
  bottoms of riffles
• An adequate sampling site often covers a stream
  length of 10 times the width of the stream
• Samples are colleced using the kick-sampling
  method using a hand-net
• Kick-sampling can be performed in waters with
  velocities of 0.1 - 1 m/s and down to 1 m depth

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The methods for Integrated Monitoring

• Sampling net (frame size 0.25 x 25 cm a mesh
  size of 0.5 mm)
• Sample are transfered into 1 litre jars
  containing 96 ethanol solution
• In laboratory the specimens are identified mainly
  to the species level
• Density (ind/m2) and biomass (g/m2) are estimated
  and also the Shannon-Wiener diversity index
  calculated

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References how to identify the species to family
level

• 1  Edington J.M., Hildrew A.G. Caseless Caddis
  Larvae (Trichoptera). A Revised Key to the
  Caseless Caddis Larvae of the British Isles, with
  Notes on their Ecology, 1995, 134pp. SP 53.
• 2. Macan T.T. Gastropods. A Key to the British
  Fresh- and Brackish-Water Gastropods, with Notes
  on their Ecology, Fourth edition, 1977 (reprinted
  1994), 46pp. SP 13.
• 3.  Savage A.A. Larval Corixidae, 1999, 56pp. SP
  57.
• 4. Elliott J.M., Humpesch U.H., Macan T.T. Larval
  Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) Larvae of the British
  Ephemeroptera a Key with Ecological Notes, 1988,
  145pp. SP 49.
• 5. Elliott J.M. Alderflies, Lacewings and
  Spongeflies. British Freshwater Megaloptera and
  Neuroptera a Key with Ecological Notes, 1996,
  69pp. SP 54.
• 6.  Cranston P.S. Orthocladiinae Larvae
  (Chironomidae). A Key to the Larvae of the
  British Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae), 1982,
  152pp. SP 45.

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References how to identify the species to family
level

• 7.   Mundy S.P. Bryozoans. A Key to the British
  and European Freshwater Bryozoans, 1980, 31pp. SP
  41.
• 8. Gledhill T., Sutcliffe D.W., Williams W.D.
  Malacostracan Crustaceans. British Freshwater
  Crustacea Malacostraca a Key with Ecological
  Notes, 1993, 176pp. SP 52.
• 9.       Hynes H.B.N. Stoneflies. A Key to the
  Adults and Nymphs of the British Stoneflies
  (Plecoptera), with Notes on their Ecology and
  Distribution, Third edition, 1977 (reprinted
  1993), 92pp. SP 17.
• 10.   Nilsson, A. (ed.) Aquatic Insects of North
  Europe.
  Vol. 1 Ephemeroptera,
  Plecoptera, Heteroptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera,
  Coleoptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. 1996.
  274 pages. Vol. 2 Odonata and Diptera. 1997.
  440 pages.
• 11. Swedish Environmental Protection
  Agency Envinonmental Quality Criteria, Lakes and
  Watercourses, Report 5050, 2000.

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Quality assessment

• The following monitoring data is used to define
  parametric values of indicative parameters that
  characterise chemical elements of ecological
  status and biological element - Saprobity index
  acc. to Sladecek.
• National catalogue of indicator species of
  feshwater saprobity established in 1995.

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The Final reports of the project ''Transposition
and Implementation of the EU Water Framework
Directive in Latvia'' funded by the DEPA (
DANCEE)

• Classification and presentation of status of
  waters (including proposal for surface water
  reference conditions and network )
• http//www.vidm.gov.lv/eng/projekti/es_vides_proje
  kti/?doc3315

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Reference conditions in Latvia rivers