Appendix 2

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Appendix 2

• Bloodborne Pathogens

2
Bloodborne Pathogens

• Disease-causing microorganisms that may be
  present in human blood.
• May be transmitted during exposure to blood or
  other potentially infectious materials (OPIMs)

3
OSHA

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Provide standards to protect employees from
  occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens

4
Who Needs OSHA Training?

• Any employee who has potential for occupational
  exposure to blood or OPIMs

5
Who Needs OSHA Training?

• Physicians
• Physicians assistants
• Nurses
• Housekeepers in health care facilities
• Blood bank personnel
• EMT
• Dentists
• Dental hygienists
• Fire Fighters
• Law Enforcement

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Mode of Transmission

• Transmitted when blood or OPIMs come in contact
  with mucous membranes or nonintact skin
• Abrasions, burns, rashes, acne, paper cuts, hang
  nails

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Hepatitis B Virus

• HBV can affect anyone
• Each year in the U.S. 140,000-320,000 people will
  become infected
• Steady decline
• HBV vaccine
• Prevention methods

8
HBV Vaccine

• Does NOT contain any live components
• Given in 3 shots
• All people who have routine occupational exposure
  to blood or OPIM have the right to receive it at
  no personal expense

9
Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• HIV is the virus that causes Acquired Immune
  Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• 2 types have been identified (HIV-1 HIV-2)
• Causes suppression of the immune system
• Can lead to opportunistic infections and unusual
  types of cancer

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HIV-1 HIV-2

• HIV-2 AIDS develops more slowly and may be milder
• Predominately found in Africa
• HIV-1
• Over 1,000,000 people infected in the United
  States

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HIV

• NO VACCINATION
• Testing is the only way to determine infection
• HIV to AIDS may take 8-10 years
• Cannot rely on symptoms
• Many people who are infected experience no
  symptoms
• AIDS symptoms are similar to other infections
• Night sweats, weight loss, fever, fatigue, gland
  pain or swelling, and muscle or joint pain

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HIV

• There is no cure
• All testing should be done as soon as possible
• Thereafter, periodically for at least 6 months
• Usually become detectable within 3 months
• 99.7 of exposures do not leas to infection

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Universal Precautions

• An aggressive, standardized approach to infection
  control
• Treat all human blood and body fluids as if they
  are known to contain bloodborne pathogens

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Materials That Require Universal Precautions

• Blood
• Semen
• Vaginal secretions
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Synovial fluid
• Pleural fluid
• Saliva

15
Materials That Do Not Require Universal
Precautions

• Feces
• Nasal secretions
• Sputum
• Sweat
• Tears
• Urine
• Vomitus

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Prevention

• Hand washing
• One of the most effective methods
• Cleaning work surfaces
• Tables and chairs
• Protective coverings
• floors
• Sharps container
• Needles, scalpels, etc.
• Marked

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Personal Protective Equipment

• Gloves
• Masks
• Aprons or smocks
• Proper removal techniques