Indirect Statement

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Indirect Statement
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Indirect Statement

• An indirect statement is a clause that is found
  after verbs that mean to say, think, believe,
  etc.
• In English, we use a noun clause
• In Latin, we use an infinitive for the verb, and
  a subject in the accusative. There is no separate
  clause in Latin.

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Verbs that are followed by an indirect statement
construction

• Verbs of Saying
• dico
• nego
• ait
• nuntio
• narro
• scribo
• doceo
• ostendo

• Verbs of Knowing
• scio
• nescio
• intellego
• memoria teneo
• respondeo
• demonstro
• cognosco

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Verbs that are followed by anindirect statement
construction

• Verbs of Thinking
• credo
• puto
• spero
• arbitror

• Verbs of Perceiving
• audio
• video
• sentio

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So what exactly is an indirect statement?

• When you report what someone has
• done, said, thought, etc.
• Veniam. ? I will come.

What would the indirect statement equivalent of
that look like?
Dixi me venturum esse. I said that I would come.
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How do you translate the infinitives in indirect
statement?

• Present Infinitive

Takes place at the same time as the main verb
Takes place before the action of the main verb
Perfect Infinitive
Future Infinitive
Takes place after the action of the main verb
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How do you translate the infinitives in indirect
statement?

• Present Infinitive

is, was, were
have, has, had
Perfect Infinitive
Future Infinitive
will, would
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for example..

• venire.
• Putamus puellam venisse.
• venturam esse.

is coming. We think (that) the girl has
come. will come.
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for example..

• venire.
• Putabamus puellam venisse.
• venturam esse.

was coming. We thought (that) the girl
had come. would come.
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Use se...

• If the subject of the infinitive is the same as
  that of the main verb and is third person
• If the object of the infinitive is the same as
  the subject of the main verb and is third person

Dixit se venturum esse. He said he would
come. (He is the subject of both sentences.)
Dixit nos sibi persuasisse. He said we had
persuaded him. (He is the subject of the first
sentence and the object of the second.)
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Use eum or eam.

• .. when the subject or object is different.

eam interfectam esse.
Diximus
eam eos interfecturam esse.
she had been killed.
We said that
she would kill them.
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Some verbs are followed by an accusative and
future infinitive...

• spero I hope
• promitto I promise
• iuro I swear
• minor I threaten

Sperabant se venturos esse.
They hoped to come.
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finally..

• NEVER use dico.non
• use instead nego (I deny, I say .not)

Negavit se venturum esse.
He said (that) he would not come.