The Baby

1
The Babys First Year

• Unit 3

2
Essential Question Journal Entry U-3

• Healthy Development
• Write a journal entry about one of the topics
  below
• How can a parent or caregiver help a baby grow up
  physically healthy?
• How can a parent or caregiver help a baby develop
  trusting relationships with adults and siblings?
• How can a parent or caregiver help a baby develop
  language skills?

3
Physical Development of Infants

• Chapter 7

4
Learning Targets

• 40. Identify the four major influences on an
  infants growth and development.
• 41. Summarize how a baby typically grows in the
  first year.
• 42. Explain how to safely hold a baby.
• 43. Identify how to meet a babys nutritional
  needs.
• 44. Describe the best type of clothing suitable
  for a baby.
• 45. Describe how to bathe a baby.
• 46. Explain why checkups and immunizations are
  important for babies.

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Essential Question Journal Entry C-7

• Growing a Happy Baby
• During the first year of life, babies grow and
  develop in many ways. Caregivers have many
  responsibilities to make sure a babys needs are
  met. For example, the caregiver must feed the
  baby and change the babys diapers. These are
  just two of the many physical needs. Infants
  also have emotional needs that must be met.
  Write a paragraph in which you describe what you
  think makes a happy, healthy, baby.

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Infant Growth and Development

• Topic 7.1

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Learning Targets

• 40. Identify the four major influences on an
  infants growth and development.
• 41. Summarize how a baby typically grows in the
  first year.

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Influences on Growth and Development

• There are four main influences on a babys growth
  and development
• Heredity
• Environment
• Health

9
Growth During the First Year

• Babies grow rapidly in the first year.
• An infants growth and development follow many
  patterns
• Head to Foot
• Near to Far
• Simple to Complex

10
Development During the First Year
11
Caring for an Infant

• Topic 7.2

12
Learning Targets

• 42. Explain how to safely hold a baby.
• 43. Identify how to meet a babys nutritional
  needs.
• 44. Describe the best type of clothing suitable
  for a baby.

13
Handling a Baby

• Caregivers need to know the proper ways of
  handling, feeding, and dressing a baby.
• This will help keep a baby healthy.

14
How to Relieve Stress if a Baby Will Not Stop
Crying
1. Put the baby down in a safe, place, go into another room, and take some deep breaths or look out the window to calm down.
2. Ask a friend or relative to care for the baby for a few hours.
3.Call someone and talk about the problem.
4. Call a parenting hotline or take a baby to a crisis nursery if available in your area.
15
Feeding an Infant

• Feeding babies breast milk or formula meets the
  nutrition needs for the first six months.
• Other foods should be introduced gradually.
• Weaning
• Changing from drinking from the bottle or breast
  to a cup.

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Expert Advice

• When you comfort your baby, you are letting her
  know the world is a safe place and that someone
  cares about her feelings.
• -Claire Lerner, LCSW Amy Dombro, MS Karen
  Levine, coauthors, The Magic of Everyday Moments
  0-4 Months

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Dressing a Baby

• A babys clothing should be comfortable and easy
  to put on and take off.

18
Infant Health and Wellness

• Topic 7.3

19
Learning Targets

• 45. Describe how to bathe a baby.
• 46. Explain why checkups and immunizations are
  important for babies.

20
Keeping Baby Clean

• Keeping a baby healthy involves bathing,
  diapering, and taking care of babys teeth.
• Babies should be bathed regularly but never be
  left along in the bathtub.

21
Changing a Babys Diaper
22
Health Care

• A baby needs regular checkups and scheduled
  immunizations.
• Immunizations
• A shot of a small amount of a dead or weakened
  disease-carrying germ given so that the body may
  build resistance to the disease.
• Vaccine
• The disease-carrying germ that usually in
  injected in the body.

23
Emotional and Social Development of Infants

• Concept 8

24
Learning Targets

• 47. List six basic emotions that babies
  experience.
• 48. Explain the role of attachment in a babys
  social development.
• 49. Describe how temperament affects a babys
  social development.
• 50. Explain how the emotional climate of the home
  can affect a babys development.
• 51. Explain how a baby learns social behavior.
• 52. Identify how play and exploration help a baby
  develop socially.

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Essential Question Journal Entry C-8

• Building Relationships
• From the first moment she is born, a baby begins
  to develop relationships with her parents or
  caregivers. Use free writing to describe your
  idea of a positive, healthy relationship.

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Understanding Emotional Development of Infants

• Topic 8.1

27
Learning Targets

• 47. List six basic emotions that babies
  experience.
• 48. Explain the role of attachment in babys
  emotional development.
• 49. Describe how temperament affects a babys
  social development.
• 50. Explain how the emotional climate of the home
  can affect a babys development.

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Emotions and Emotional Development

• Caregivers play a large role in babies emotional
  development, helping them learn to express
  feelings and develop a personal identity.
• Emotional Development
• The process of learning to recognize and express
  feelings and to establish a personal identity.

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Attachment and Emotional Development

• Caregivers can help shape babies emotional
  development by providing consistent, responsive,
  and loving care.
• Attachment
• A babys bond to his or her main caregiver.

Healthy Emotional Development
1. Building attachment through touch.
2. Building attachment through consistent care.
3. Building attachment through communication.
4. Reducing risk of Failure to Thrive. Failure to Thrive -A condition in which babies do not grow and develop properly.
30
Understanding Temperament

• Babies unique temperaments and the emotional
  climate of the home also influence their
  emotional development.
• Temperament
• A persons unique emotional makeup.

31
Understanding Social Development of Infants

• Topic 8.2

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Learning Targets

• 51. Explain how a baby learns social behavior.
• 52. Identify how play and exploration help a baby
  develop socially.

33
Social Development Through Learning

• Caregivers play a large role in a babys social
  development.
• Social Development
• The process of learning how to interact and
  express oneself with others.
• They help the infant learn to form relationships
  and feel comfortable in his or her world.
• Babies learn social behavior by watching and
  interacting with others.

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Stranger Anxiety

• One normal sign of social development is stranger
  anxiety.
• Stranger Anxiety
• A fear of unfamiliar people, usually expressed by
  crying.

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Expert Advice

• For infants and toddler, learning and living are
  the same thing. If they feel secure, treasured,
  loved, their own energy and curiosity will bring
  them new understanding and new skills.
• -Amy Laura Dombro and Leah Wallach, early
  childhood authors, The Ordinary is Extraor.dinary

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Social Development Through Play

• Babies learn about the world by playing and
  exploring.

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Intellectual Development of Infants

• Concept 9

39
Learning Targets

• 53. Describe how a babys experiences increase
  brain function.
• 54. Explain how the brain becomes organized.
• 55. List four abilities that show intellectual
  growth in infants.
• 56. Identify specific abilities that babies learn
  during Piagets first period of learning.
• 57. Name five ways caregivers can encourage
  learning.
• 58. Discuss how to choose toys appropriate for
  babies of different ages.

40
Essential Question Journal Entry C-9

• Understanding Babies
• Having a baby can be an exciting adventure for
  adult couples. You may know someone who has a
  new baby. Write a personal letter to a real or
  imaginary friend who has a new baby. Ask your
  friend questions that will give you a better
  understanding of the babys growth and
  development.

41
Early Brain Development

• Topic 9.1

42
Learning Targets

• 53. Describe how a babys experiences increase
  brain function.
• 54. Explain how the brain becomes organized.

43
Structure of the Brain
Cerebrum - Receives information from the senses and directs motor activities. - Controls such functions as speech, memory, and problem solving. - Most of the activities occur in the outer layer, called the cortex.
2. Pituitary Gland - Secretes hormones that control growth, metabolism, and sexual development.
3. Brain Stem - Controls involuntary activities such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
4. Spinal Cord - Transmits information from the body to the brain and from the brain to the body. - It controls simple reflexes that do not involve the brain.
5. Cerebellum - Controls muscular coordination, balance, and posture.
6. Thalamus - Relays sensory information from other parts of the brain to the cerebral cortex.
44
Developing the Brain

• The information in babies brains develops as
  they acquire new skills.
• This information evolves at a very rapid rate
  during the first few years of life.

45
Expert Advice

• Children need lots of practice doing things over
  and over again to succeed at a new skill. Think
  of the pride a baby feels when she can finally
  grasp the rattle and put it into her mouth by
  herself.
• -Claire Lerner, LCSW, Lynette Ciervo, authors,
  Getting Ready for School Begins at Birth How to
  help your child learn in the early years.

46
Intellectual Development During the First Year

• Topic 9.2

47
Learning Targets

• 55. List four abilities that show intellectual
  growth in infants.
• 56. Identify specific abilities that babies learn
  during Piagets first period of learning.

48
Early Learning Abilities

• During the first year of a babys life, growth
  occurs in many areas.
• These areas include
• Size
• Intelligence
• Motor Skills
• Social Skills
• Personality

49
Periods of Learning

• Piaget said that all children go through four
  periods of learning.
• During the sensorimotor period, children learn
  through their senses and own actions.
• Sensorimotor Period
• Piagets first stage of learning and lasts from
  birth to about age two.

50
Developmental Milestones Ages 1-4 Months
Intellectual Sensorimotor
Gains information through senses. Practices inborn reflexes.
Makes eye contact. Does not understand self as separate person.
Prefers faces to objects. Combines two or more reflexes.
Can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar voices and faces. Develops hand-mouth coordination.
Makes vowel-consonant combinations such as ah-goo.
Can tell a smile from a frown.
51
Helping Infants Learn

• Topic 9.3

52
Learning Targets

• 57. Name five ways caregivers can encourage
  learning.
• 58. Discuss how to choose toys appropriate for
  babies of different ages.

53
Encouraging Learning

• Caregivers need to recognize the importance of
  play and the development of communication skills.
• Children communicate before they can talk.
• Reading to a child promote vocabulary.

54
The Importance of Play

• A child learns and practices new skills through
  play.
• Appropriate toys can help babies learn.
• Toys should be selected for children based on
  the childs age and abilities.
• Age Appropriate
• Something suitable for the age and individual
  needs of a child.

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Bibliography

• Brisbane, H. E. (2010). The developing child.
  Glencoe McGraw-Hill Columbus, OH.