World History II SOL Review

1
World History IISOL Review

• Great Depression Cold War

2
Great Depression - Causes

• German reparations
• Buying on credit
• Overproduction high supply low demand low
  prices for farm goods and manufactured goods
• Protective Tariffs countries passed tariffs
  (taxes on imports) to make people buy goods
  produced and food grown in their country (foreign
  goods were more expensive)
• Stock Market Crash (October 1929)

3
Great Depression - Results

• High unemployment
• Bank failures collapse of credit
• Collapse of prices in world trade
• Growth of Fascism (extreme nationalism) in Italy
  and Germany
• Nazi Party blamed Jews for the economic collapse

4
Adolf Hitler

• Germany
• Came to power because of inflation and Great
  Depression (legally came to power)
• Anti-Semitism
• Extreme nationalism (fascist)
• Nazi Party
• Challenge to world power sent troops into the
  Rhineland (demilitarized zone according to
  Versailles treaty)

5
Benito Mussolini

• Italy
• Fascist (1st fascist leader)
• Wanted to restore the glory of the Roman Empire
• Challenge to world power invaded Ethiopia

6
Tojo

• Japan
• Militarist
• Japans industrialization need for raw
  materials and markets
• Challenge to world power invaded Korea,
  Manchuria, and rest of China

7
World War II - Causes

• Aggression by totalitarian power (Hitler,
  Mussolini, and Tojo)
• Nationalism (Fascism extreme nationalism)
• Failures of the Versailles Treaty
• Weakness of the League of Nations
• Appeasement Munich Conference (gave Hitler the
  Sudetenland to avoid war)
• Isolationism/Pacifism in United States and Europe

8
World War II Major Events

• Began German invasion of Poland
• France fell (Britain left alone to fight the Axis
  Powers)
• Battle of Britain bombing of London
• Operation Barbarossa German invasion of the
  Soviet Union
• U.S. entered war after Japan attacked Pearl
  Harbor
• U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and
  Nagasaki to end war with Japan

9
World War II Major Leaders

• Franklin D. Roosevelt President of the U.S.
• Harry Truman replaced Franklin Roosevelt as
  president/dropped atomic bomb on Japan
• Dwight D. Eisenhower Allied commander in Europe
  (D Day)
• Douglas MacArthur U.S. General in the Pacific
• Winston Churchill Prime Minister of England
• Joseph Stalin dictator of Soviet Union
• Hirohito Emperor of Japan

10
Outcomes of World War II

• European powers loss of empires (ex. Japan lost
  territory gained by the war)
• Two super powers emerged U.S. and Soviet Union
• Nuremberg Trial tried Nazis for war crimes
• Division of Europe Iron Curtain
  (capitalist/democratic vs. communist/totalitarian)
  
• United Nations

11
Outcomes of World War II

• NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
  military alliance that included U.S., Canada, and
  western Europe
• Warsaw Pact Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

12
Holocaust

• Genocide the systematic and purposeful
  destruction of a racial, political, religious, or
  cultural group
• Elements leading to the Holocaust history of
  anti-Semitism, defeat in World War I and Great
  Depression blamed on the Jews, Hitlers belief in
  a master race, and Final Solution (death camps)

13
Examples of Other Genocides

• Armenians by leaders of the Ottoman Empire
• Peasants, government and military leaders, and
  members of the elite in the Soviet Union by
  Joseph Stalin (Great Purge)
• The educated, artists, technicians, former
  government officials, monks, and minorities by
  Pol Pot in Cambodia
• Tutsi minority by the Hutu in Rwanda
• Muslims and Croats By Bosnian Serbs in Yugoslavia

14
Post World War II - Japan

• U.S. occupation of Japan led by MacArthur
• Improved economy
• Brought democracy to Japan constitution/election
  s
• Japan can only have a military for defense

15
Post World War II Germany

• Division of East (Soviet Union) and West (U.S.,
  France, and Great Britain)
• Division of Berlin (East and West)
• Democratic government in West Germany

16
Early Cold War

• Yalta Conference - meeting of three main allied
  leaders (Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill)
  planned "the whole shape and structure of
  post-war Europe Stalin had the right to
  control the governments of Eastern Europe (Soviet
  troops were already stationed throughout Eastern
  Europe as they pushed toward Germany)
• Democracy and Capitalism vs. Dictatorship and
  Communism
• Truman Doctrine contain communism (not let it
  spread)

17
Marshall Plan

• Rebuild Western Europe (aid and assistance)
  prevent the spread of communism

18
Berlin Wall

• Surrounded city of West Berlin so that people
  would not escape to West Germany

19
Korean War

• Cause North Korea invaded South Korea
• Result North Korea and South Korean still
  divided along 38th parallel
• China supported North Korea and U.S. supported
  South Korea

20
Vietnam War

• Cause - Ho Chi Minh encouraged communist rebels
  to overthrow South Vietnamese government
• Results - U.S. troops left Vietnam unification
  of Vietnam (communist country)
• Vietnamization ? Nixon's administrations policy
  of building up South Vietnamese forces while
  gradually withdrawing American troops
• Domino Theory ? If Vietnam became a communist
  country, the countries adjacent to (surrounding)
  Vietnam would also become communist countries

21
Cuban Missile Crisis

• Cause Soviet Union places nuclear missiles in
  Cuba
• Results Soviet Union removed missiles and U.S.
  promised not to invade Cuba

22
Collapse of Soviet Union

• Communism failed!! - increasing Soviet military
  expenses to compete with the United States
  economic inefficiency
• Gorbachev and President Reagan key leaders
• Eastern European countries (communist block)
  wanted independence ? U.S. encouraged dissidents
  (people who wanted independence) in communist
  countries (Poland)
• Some Warsaw Pact countries joined NATO after
  collapse of Soviet Union expansion of NATO

23
Collapse of Soviet Union

• Establishment of independent states in Eastern
  Europe and the breakup of the Soviet Union
• Movement toward a free market economy
• Fall of Berlin wall and reunification of Germany