The 1990s

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The 1990s

• Alisabeth, Anna, Marylena, Maya, Michelle, Molly

2
Politics

• George Bush (1988-1992)
• Bill Clinton (1992-2000)

3
Bushs Term 1990-1992 Actions and Policies

• 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
• 1992 major water projects bill reformed
  distribution of funded federal water in West
• Anti affirmative action
• Anti abortion? lost women supporters

4
1992 Presidential Election

• Rep George Bush
• Dem Bill Clinton
• Independent H. Ross Perot
• weak economy (federal deficit problem)
• Gender gap
• Persian Gulf War
• Record number of voters
• Clinton won
• Democratic majority in both houses of Congress

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Clintons First Term

• Too many controversial issues
• Supported free trade (NAFTA WTO)
• Deficit reduction bill of 1993?successful
• Gun control anticrime laws
• Term limit laws for elected officials

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Clintons First Term

• Problems with Republicans
• Contract with America
• Attack on budget deficits reductions in welfare
  programs?successful
• Republicans criticized for extreme views

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1996 Presidential Elections

• Rep Robert Doyle
• Dem Bill Clinton
• Healthy economy
• Clinton won easy victory

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Clintons Second Term

• Claimed political middle ground
• 1996 Welfare Reform Bill
• Disagreement over trade policy
• Protestors at Seattle meeting of WTO in 1999
• Campaign finance reform

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Lewinsky Scandal
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Charges for Impeachment

• perjury before grand jury obstruction of
  justice
• Was Clinton guilty of high crimes and
  misdemeanors described in Constitution?
• Democrats said no
• Republicans said yes lied under public oath
• 50 voted guilty, 55 voted not guilty
• Need 2/3 majority guilty vote for impeachment ?
  no impeachment

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Business and the Economy
13
Short Recession

• 1990 1991 recession
• Slow recovery increased unemployment rates
• 1991 -1993 7 increase in unemployment
• After the recession, employment increased
  steadily throughout the rest of the 90s

14
Employment

• Manufacturing employment declined
• Labor union memberships declined slightly
• 13.5 of the population was in poverty in 1990

15
Lifestyle Improvements

• People had a longer life expectancy
• It increased from 75.4 to 76.7
• Improved medical treatment and lifestyles
• Less smoking and fat intake
• The proportion of people graduating college
  increased to 26

16
The Stock Market

• The stock market boomed in the late 1990s
• This was partially because of the dot com
  boom
• The 90s were profitable for corporations and
  investors
• High profits aided to a boom in prices of
  corporate stocks

17
Balanced Budget Act of 1997

• Signed into a law on August 5, 1997
• This bill is considered to be an ominous bill
• Provisions with food stamps, housing, childrens
  health, Medicaid
• Reduce deficit with shifts in policy and enacting
  new laws
• The act offered a new Medicaid Choice option
• More private insurances could contract with the
  government
• Wider coverage with less out of pocket expenses

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New Technology

• Audio books
• Cell Phones
• Computers
• Digital Cameras
• DVDs
• Automobile Industry

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Dot-Coms

• The internet availability to the public greatly
  increased productivity
• In 1998, the NASDAQ tripled
• Incomes and stock values increased greatly as
  well
• Main beneficiaries corporations and CEOs
• Improved customer service and business
  transactions
• Contributed to the boom in housing and real
  estate market
• Provided many new job opportunities
• Lack of caution with dot coms not completely
  successful

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Websites
21
Trends
22
Clothing

• Formal/ Business Attire
• High Fashion casual/ comfortable
• Casual Wear
• T- shirt
• Jeans
• The Gap
• Pro- team sport logos popular

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Hip Hop

• largest market not in ghetto- more in suburban
  youth. 
• Baggy denim pants and overalls. 
• Wool/baseball caps. 
• Sport jerseys/ jackets. 
• Nike brand shoes

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Teen Clothing

• Grunge Seattle Scene. Musician look.
• Skate oversized clothing.
• Gothic dark. High School Shootings.
• Rave bright. Underground dance parties.

25
Clothing cont.

• School Uniforms
• feared gang problems
• Keep girls from wearing inappropriate clothes. 
• Technology synthetic material made to be
  breathable and windproof. 
• Gore-Tex
• Micro fibers for clothes.

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Jewelry

• Important for casual wear. 
• Brooches and chokers. 
• Peace signs made comeback. 
• Hemp twine and wooden beads
• Christian iconography crosses/doves
• Homemade jewelry.

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Hair

• Natural- Low Maintenance
• Black women
• hair extensions- bob and bee-hive. 
• Hair pieces weaved into hair straight or
  braided. 
• Hair coloring Increased 70 over the course of
  the decade. 
• More dying of hair to red and blond because of
  Britney spears
• Men Bleaching hair and spiked with dark roots
  Nsync and Rieke Martin. 

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Entertainment

• Books
• Happy Potter best selling childs fantasy
  series.  J.K. Rowling. 
• Received protests from Christian groups
  promoted which craft
• Games/ Toys
• Tomagatchis, Pokémon, Neopets, Poochi, Ferbi,
  computer games

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Television Shows
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Slang

• Playah, Pigeon, chica, Dawg, 
• homeys, gangsters, Gs, buzzkill, borechore, geek,
  chillin, goin postal, throw down, bounce, phat,
  dope, fly, your mom. Money bills, bling, coin.
• I-M ing/ text messaging
• OMG, IDK, LOL

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Blogs

• online diaries.
• Ritual Entertainment hired full time blogger in
  1997- first company to have a professional
  blogger
• Dredge Report Matt Drudge makes news blog
•   Blogging exploded in 1998- tens of thousands by
  end of 99
• Opened handful of host blogging services
• people can comment on other peoples blogs

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Tattoos/ Piercings

• Tattoos were just for gang members, prisoners,
  bikers, and sailors-
• Now more mainstream.
• Piercing not just ears anymore. 
• Tongue, navel, nose. 

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Food Trends

• Frozen dinners
• Power bars/ Cereal Bars
• Genetically Modified Food
• Organic Food whole foods marketry
• Coffee Houses
• Starbucks

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Foreign Policy
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Persian Gulf War

• Iraq invades Kuwait
• U.N. ordered removal of Iraqis
• U.S. leads invasion
• Ceasefire- February 24, 1991

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Persian Gulf War
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North American Free Trade Agreement

• Agreement between Mexico, Canada, and the U.S.
• Decreased tariffs

38
Balkans

• Bosnian freedom from Yugoslavia
• Ethnic cleansing of Croats
• Clintons idea to bomb Serbians
• Agreement made in Ohio

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Social/ Cultural Changes
41
Education

• - 82 of the nation had completed four years of
  high school
• High school drop out rate was less than 6 (was
  an improvement from the 80s, which was 11)
• Average amount of homework hours changed (for
  example from ages 6-8) from 52 minutes to over
  two hours
• More students were attending college because of
  the economic boom

42
Work

• Part-time jobs ? 80 of students had one
• Jobs were becoming more based of college
  educations

43
Teen Violence

• 1991 highest rate of teen violence
• teens living in the ghetto lead to a higher
  chance of a more violent lifestyle

44
Drugs

• There was an increase with teens using drugs,
  smoking, and alcohol
• Raised from 14-46 from 1992-1997

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Advertising

• Was increased through television, magazines, the
  radio, and the internet
• Was a major stimulant of the economy
• The average American was estimated to be targeted
  with a daily rate of 3000 advertisements in 1991
• Growth in telemarketing

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The Internet

• Simplified the process of getting information
• EBay founded in 1995
• Was one of the most dominate market places
• By end of 90s 40 million were registered and made
  over five billion dollars in transactions

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Sports

• Soccer had its come back in the 90s
• Mia Hamm U.S. Womens Soccer Team
• Sports event tickets were becoming more expensive
• Sports celebrities and athletes were becoming the
  face of many commercial advertisements
• Most popular Michael Jordan (Hanes and Nike) and
  Tiger Woods (Titlist golf gear, Nike, American
  Express, Rolex, and more).

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Food

• Fast Food Industry
• By the end of the 90s - spent 110 billion
• Increased marketing towards children
• put playgrounds in restaurants
• Put advertisement in kid movies ? BK in Toy Story
• Soda
• Reached to an annual rate of 56 gallons per
  person at the end of the 90s
• Americans had poor diets because of fast food
• Mostly effected the children ? poor exercise\

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Music

• Nirvana band of the 90s
• Rock/Metal Example Bands Metallica, Beastie
  Boys, Beck, Sound Garden
• Indie Rock Became a new genre in the 90s, but
  wasnt mainstream
• Alternative rock
• Was more popular with teens- MTV
• Examples U2, Nirvana, R.E.M., Pearl Jam, House
  of Pain, Counting Crows, Radiohead, Third Eye
  Blind, Oasis, Green Day, Goo Goo Dolls, Spin
  Doctors

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Music Cont.

• Rap / Hip-hop
• Sales were extremely high for the music
• Wasnt played on the commercial radio because it
  was too obscene
• Example Bands Sir Mix-A-Lot, Dr. Drew, Red Hot
  Chili Peppers, MC Hammer, Salt-n-Pepper, Eminem,
  Vanilla Ice, Color Me Badd, Fat Boy Slim-
• Country Billy Ray Cyrus, Tim McGraw, Dixie
  Chicks
• Pop Backstreet Boys, Brittany Spears

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Key Events
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Aids Epidemic of the 1990s

• In the 1990s, the aids epidemic continued to
  kill multiple people.
• Every year, the United States had 40,000 aids
  related cases.
• In May 1990, the number of aids patients of 13 to
  19 year olds increased by 35.
• There were public service announcements by the
  National Institute on Drug Abuse to encourage
  teens to avoid usage of drugs and alcohol.

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Bill Clinton Scandal (one of many) 1995-1997

• Clinton had an affair with Monica Lewinsky (22)
  since November of 1995.
• When confronted about this affair, he denied that
  he ever did anything with anyone.
• Ended up testifying his faults.
• Was acquitted for his charges.

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Oklahoma City Bombing April 19, 1995

• At 902 am a truck exploded in front of the
  Alfred P. Murrah federal building.
• Timothy Mcveigh was found responsible for the
  bombing.
• Video
• http//www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id2683183n

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Princess Diana car crash August 30, 1997

• Princess Diana was in France celebrating with her
  companion, Dodi.
• One the way back to the hotel was the fatal car
  crash.
• Millions mourned over her sudden death.

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Columbine Massacre April 20, 1999

• Extreme school shooting
• Littletown, Colorado
• Seniors Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris
• April 20th, 1115 am was the 1st lunch period
  with around 500 kids near the cafeteria.
• Evidences were found from a security tape
• Total of 13 people killed
• 1 teacher, 12 students
• Video http//www.youtube.com/watch?vphApxy7aqFw
  featurerelated

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Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone novel 1999

• Series by J.K. Rowling
• Started a new obsession for readers
• Total of 7 books and 6 movies