Space:

1
Space

• An empty area! "the architect left space in front
  of the building" "they stopped at an open space
  in the jungle" "the space between his teeth"

2

• An inhabited, shared space
• People live in a territory (inhabit a territory).
• Diversity exists in a territory.
• In other words, we are not all the same
• Ex Age, sex, skin color, religion, sexual
  orientation, language, jobs, financial status
  (rich vs. Poor) etc.

3

• Different zones exist in a territory
• A zone is a part of a territory reserved for
  specific activities
• Industrial zone
• Commercial zone
• Agricultural zone
• Residential zone

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4
What is a COMMUNITY?

• A group of people living in a particular local
  area.

• Communities are organized and well-planned out
• Communities must provide important services so
  that residents can live securely and have a
  better quality of life.

5
Services and facilities provided by communities

• Public services
• Public transit
• b) School bus services
• c) Water management (clean, safe water)
• d) Waste collection (pick up and dispose trash)
• e) Sewage collection

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• 2. Administrative services and city rules and
  regulations (by-law).

A BY-LAW is a rule made by society to control the
actions of its members (Ex speed limits, parking
signs etc.).
3. Communities have zoned areas (reserved for
industries, businesses, houses and farming).
4. Communities offer access to airports and train
stations.

• 5. Communities have public buildings for
• Debating and decision-making (city hall)
• Activities to its seniors and youth (community
  centres).

7

• A transformed space
• A territory is constantly changing.
• It slowly transforms over the years.
• Newer buildings replace older ones.
• New developments replace farmlands too.

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Le transport collectif à Montréal a 150 ans !
https//www.youtube.com/watch?v7kGLhiKb_Z4
Montreal 1976 Olympics - Opening Ceremony
Highlighhts
https//www.youtube.com/watch?vfmpLL_VMAtc
Québec Referendum 1995 LIVE broadcast
https//www.youtube.com/watch?vzXY7BMRmyxo
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• Certain events, however, can lead to major
  changes in a short period of time
• War causes major damages (must be rebuilt).
• Natural disaster can cause severe damage to
  communities (ex tornado destroyed Greensburg
  Kansas).
• Inventions may change the landscape (roads allow
  motor vehicles to travel).

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Landscapes Natural vs. Man-made
11

• Many different types of landscapes exist.
• Either natural or man-made
• Outdated and dangerous landscapes renovated or
  rebuilt (Ex Turcot Interchange).

12
Common issues in a territory
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• We do not always agree with decisions made by
  community leaders.
• Why? Most of us have different ideas on how
  shared space should be used.
• Ex Target wants to build a new store over an
  empty field. Should the company be allowed to do
  so?

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• An environmentalist will most likely disagree
  because it would mean destroying green space.
• The C.E.O. (Chief Executive Officer) of Target
  would push to open a new store because it means
  more profit for the company.
• An economist will agree because opening up a new
  Target will create new jobs (less unemployment).
• Contractor and construction crew that was given
  the contract to build the store will be thrilled
  because they will be making money.
• Local resident against its construction
• Noise pollution
• Traffic
• Loss of green space

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• Local resident in favour of its construction
• Job creation
• Save on gas due to proximity (close by) of store
• Convenient
• Convenience- Anything that saves or simplifies
  work anything that is intended to save time,
  energy etc.

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• Different points of view often lead to
  disagreements.
• These conflicts become the focus of territorial
  issues.

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The 6 issues territories face

• 1. Housing (buying or renting a place to live)
• People with low income (poor) have difficulty
  finding affordable apartments especially in
  downtown areas.

• 2. Protecting farms
• Cities are constantly expanding and taking up
  more and more space, encroaching (intruding,
  advancing on) on farmland. THIS IS CALLED URBAN
  SPRAWL.

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• 3. Transportation (causes traffic)
• Finding ways to reduce traffic is a challenge in
  cities.
• We encourage commuters to use public transit (ex
  buses) and to carpool (instead of driving to
  work alone).

• 4. Creating a balance between visiting a national
  park and protecting it
• Visitors go to a national park to admire nature.
• Allowing too many tourists at once can harm the
  environment.

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• 5. Ensuring long-term development of the forest
• This involves the challenge of cutting down trees
  while still finding a way to protect the forest
  (replanting, establishing quotas etc.)

• 6. Sharing and developing a territory
• Aboriginal people want more control over economic
  activities in their territory.