P M V Subbarao

1
Harvesting of the Useful Energy of the Bountiful
Fluid

• P M V Subbarao
• Professor
• Mechanical Engineering Department
• I I T Delhi

Creation of A Better Energy Harvester !!!?!?!?!
2
Wild Solutions to Utilize Available Energy
3
The Great Thought Experiment

• As an English army officer, Thomas Savery was
  once ejected from the Lord of the Admiralty's
  office as a lunatic because he proposed a ship
  that could be propelled by side-mounted wheels
  rather than by wind or oars.
•  He published a paper on Navigation
  Improved (1698)
• The three laws of motion were first compiled
  by Isaac Newton in his Philosophiæ Naturalis
  Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of
  Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687.

4
The Family of Steam Engines
5
The definition of Work

• The term work was introduced in 1826 by the
  French mathematician Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis as
  "weight liftedthrough a height.
• This is based on the use of early steam engines
  to lift buckets of water out of flooded ore
  mines.

6
The Basic Essential Cause for Generation of
motive work

• The experts advocate an approach to action by
  Newton's laws.
• Any solid body that can generate an action on the
  continuously flowing fluid clearly implies that
  there will be a reaction on the solid body as a
  Newton's 3rd law reaction.
• From the conservation of momentum for control
  Volume
• The exiting stream from a solid boyd is given a
  downward component of momentum by the solid body.
• To conserve momentum, something must be given an
  equal upward momentum to solid body.
• Only those bodies which can give downward
  momentum to exiting fluid can experience reactive
  force !

7
Reaction leading to Torque

• The concept of torque, also called moment or coupl
  e, originated with the studies of Archimedes on le
  vers.
• The rotational analogues
• Force Torque
• Mass Inertia
• Acceleration -- angular acceleration

8
Turbine Harvester of Useful Fluid Energy
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Acquisition of Work from Riverine Bounty
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Hydraulic Turbine Harvester of Kinetic Energy
11
The Hydro Power House
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Wind Turbine Harvester of Kinetic Energy
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SOME TYPES OF WIND TURBINES
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Turbine Harvester of Useful Steam Energy
No heat transfer. Change in kinetic and potential
energies are negligible
Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving
15
Macro Analysis of A Turbine
16
Leonhard Euler

• Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) was arguably the
  greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century.
• One of the most prolific writer of all time his
  publication list of 886 papers and books fill
  about 90 volumes.
• Remarkably, much of this output dates from the
  last two decades of his life, when he was totally
  blind.
• Euler's prolific output caused a tremendous
  problem of backlog the St. Petersburg Academy
  continued publishing his work posthumously for
  more than 30 years.

17
Theoretical and Rigorous Work of French

• Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler.
• 1750Euler offered a memoir containing analysis
  and equations for hydraulic turbines.
• 1754 An idealized theoretical application of
  Newtons Law to centrifugal impellers.
• Known as Euler Equation.
• Did much to help the development of hydraulic
  machinery.
• 1767 Relation between Torque and Change in
  moment of momentum of the fluid as it passed
  through the machine.

18
Applications of Eulers Equation

• Euler equation applies to all kinds of
  turbomachines.
• Wind turbines ---- Pumps --- Gas turbines.
• Axial flow machines to Radial flow to Mixed flow.
• Energy extraction machines Energy consuming
  machines.
• For a turbine the value of Equation is negative.
• For pumps, fans, blowers and compressors it is
  positive.

19
The Superiority of Vector Parameters
20
Eulers Vision of Vector
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Order of Velocity Vectors

• The real flow through any turbomachine is three
  dimensional.
• Axial, Radial and Circumferential.
• Axi-symmetry Inter blade row space.
• Axi-symmetry assumes an average value to
  represent the state of working fluid in the
  blade-to-blade plane.