Notes

1
Notes

• Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds

2
AKA
IONIC / IONIC
COVALENT / MOLECULAR

• Salts
• Formula units

• Molecular compounds
• Molecules

3
TYPE OF BONDS
IONIC / IONIC COVALENT /
MOLECULAR

• Metal and Nonmetal
• Metal and group of nonmetals

• Look for ONLY NONMETALS

4
Bond Formation
IONIC / IONIC COVALENT /
MOLECULAR

• Electrons transferred from metal to nonmetal to
  form octets
• Positive metal held to negative nonmetal by
  electrostatic forces
• Overall charge 0

• Electrons shared so all atoms have octets
• Electrons are shared in pairs
• 1 shared pair single bond
• 2 shared pairs double bond
• 3 shared pairs triple bond

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Lewis Dots
Ionic Compounds
-

Cl
Na

Na
Cl
6
Lewis Dots
COVALENT / MOLECULAR
OR
N
NH3
7
Properties
IONIC / IONIC COVALENT /
MOLECULAR

• Highly ordered arrangement of ions in a crystal
  lattice
• Crystalline solids
• High melting points
• Do not conduct electricity in solid form
• They conduct when DISSOLVED in water ( called
  ELECTROLYTES ) or MELTED
• Many are water soluble

• Can be gases, liquids, soft or crystalline solids
• Low melting points
• Can be polar or nonpolar
• Only polar compounds are water soluble
• Do NOT conduct electricity well

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Examples
IONIC / IONIC COVALENT /
MOLECULAR

• NaCl (salt)
• MgSO4
• Al(NO3)3
• NH4Cl
• NaNO3
• MgO
• BaCl2

• NH3 (ammonia)
• H2O
• C12H22O11 (sucrose)
• CH4
• CO2
• SF6
• NO2