Challenges%20for%20EURISOL%20and%20the%20EURISOL%20Design%20Study

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Challenges for EURISOL and the EURISOL Design
Study

• Yorick Blumenfeld

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OUTLINE

• The  Standard  scientific case
• The EURISOL concept and performances
• Technical Challenges and the Design Study
• Task 10 Physics and Instrumentation
• Goals of the Workshop

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The Nuclear Chart and Challenges
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ab initio calculations for light nuclei

• Systematic study of light nuclei (Alt12) shows the
  necessity of including a 3-body force

R.B. Wiringa and S.C. Pieper, Phys. Rev. Lett.
89 (2002) 182501
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Modification of magic numbers far from stability
E (MeV)
Lowest 2 state
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Effect of shell closures on element abundances
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46Ar(d,p) 10 MeV/A _at_ SPIRAL with MUST
L. Gaudefroy, thèse
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Neutron-proton pairing

• n-p pairing can occur in 2 different states T0
  and T1. The former is unique to n-p. It can be
  best studied in NZ nuclei through spectroscopy
  and 2-nucleon transfer reactions.

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Collective Modes
Atomic nuclei display a variety of collective
modes in which an assembly of neutrons moves
coherently e.g Low-lying vibrations and
rotations. ChallengeWill new types of
collective mode be observed in neutron-rich
nuclei in particular?
Will the nucleus become a three- fluid
system-made up of a proton and neutron core
plus a skin of neutrons? We will then get
collective modes in which the skin moves
relative to the core.
From W. Gelletly
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Two-proton radioactivity near the proton drip-line
Proton energy and angle correlations ? di-proton
emission?
J. Giovinazzo et al., PRL89 (2002) 102501
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Super heavy elements discovery and spectroscopy
294118
GSI Z?112 RIKEN Z113 DUBNA Z to 118?

• Synthesis of new elements/isotopes (Z ? 120)
• Spectroscopy of Transfermium elements (Z ?
  108)
• Shell structure of superheavy nuclei

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Studying the liquid-gas phase transition far from
stability
Muller Serot PRC 1995
Neutron rich nuclei
isospin distillation
pressure
Bonche Vautherin NPA 1984
asymmetry rp/rn
Proton rich nuclei vanishing limiting
temperatures
From Ph. Chomaz and F. Gulminelli
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Radioactive beam production Two complementary
methods
GANIL/SISSI, GSI, RIKEN, NSCL/MSU
High energy, large variety of species, Poor
optical qualities, lack of energy flexibility
GANIL/SPIRAL, REX/ISOLDE, ISAAC/TRIUMF
good beam qualities, flexibility, intensity Low
energy, chemistry is difficult
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The NuPECC Recommendation
NuPECC recommends the construction of 2 next
generation RIB infrastructures in Europe, i.e.
one ISOL and one in-flight facility. The
in-flight machine would arise from a major
upgrade of the current GSI facility, while
EURISOL would constitute the new ISOL facility
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The EURISOL Road Map

• Vigorous scientific exploitation of current ISOL
  facilities EXCYT, Louvain, REX/ISOLDE, SPIRAL
• Construction of intermediate generation
  facilities MAFF, REX upgrade, SPES, SPIRAL2
• Design and prototyping of the most specific and
  challenging parts of EURISOL in the framework of
  EURISOL_DS.

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SPIRAL2
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The EURISOL Concept
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The EURISOL Concept
Total cost 613 M
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Some beam intensities
Calculations for EURISOL Helge Ravn
6He 5X1013 pps 18Ne 5X1012 pps
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Yields after acceleration Comparison between
facilities
a)
Kr isotopes
a)
Yield for in-flight production of fission
fragments at relativistic energy
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Experimental Areas
Astrophysics
Structure
Low Energy
Reactions
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The Major Technological Challenges for EURISOL

• 5 MW proton accelerator also capable of
  accelerating A/Q 2.
• Target(s) sustaining this power and allowing fast
  release of nuclei
• Efficient and selective ion sources producing
  multi-charged ions
• Multi charge state acceleration of radioactive
  beams with minimal losses
• Radioprotection and safety issues

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The EURISOL_DS in the 6th framework

• Detailed engineering oriented studies and
  technical prototyping work
• 21 participants from 14 countries
• 21 contributors from Europe, Asia and North
  America
• Total Cost 33 M
• Contribution from EU 9.16 M

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11 Tasks

• Physics, beams and safety
• Physics and instrumentation (Liverpool)
• Beam intensity calculations (GSI)
• Safety and radioprotection (Saclay)
• Accelerators Synergies with HIPPI (CARE)
• Proton accelerator design (INFN Legnaro)
• Heavy ion accelerator design (GANIL)
• SC cavity development (IPN Orsay) SC cavity
  prototypes and multipurpose cryomodule
• Targets and ion sources Synergies with
  spallation sources
• Multi-MW target station (CERN) mercury
  converter
• Direct target (CERN) Several target-ion source
  prototypes
• Fission target (INFN Legnaro) UCx target
• BB Synergies with BENE
• Beam preparation (Jyväskylä) 60 GHz ECR source
• Beta-beam aspects (CERN)

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TASK 10 Physics Instrumentation

• Robert Page, Angela Bonaccorso, Nigel Orr
• Expected Deliverables
• Broad scientific goals selected
• Key experiments selected
• Evaluation of feasibility
• Conceptual design of apparatus
• Costing of instrumentation
• Definition of beam properties

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Goals of the Workshop

• Update the Physics Case new ideas and new
  concepts.
• What are the key experiments which will test
  these concepts?
• What are the requirements of the facility
  species, energy, .
• How do we carry forward the involvement of
  theoreticians in the Design Study, and more
  generally in the EURISOL road map.

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Combination of beta beam with low energy super
beam
Unique to CERN- based scenario combines CP and
T violation tests ?e ? ?m (?) (T)
?m ? ?e (p) (CP) ?e ? ?m (?-) (T)
?m ? ?e (p-)
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CERN-SPL-based Neutrino SUPERBEAM
300 MeV n m Neutrinos small contamination from
ne (no K at 2 GeV!)
Fréjus underground lab.
A large underground water Cerenkov (400 kton)
UNO/HyperK or/and a large L.Arg detector. also
proton decay search, supernovae events solar and
atmospheric neutrinos. Performance similar to
J-PARC II There is a window of opportunity for
digging the cavern starting in 2008 (safety
tunnel in Frejus or TGV test gallery)
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CERN b-beam baseline scenario
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Time scales
2005 2007 2010 2012
2016
FAIR
Project definition Construction Exploitation
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AGATA(Advanced GAmma Tracking Array) 4p ?-array
for Nuclear Physics Experiments at European
accelerators providing radioactive and
high-intensity stable beams
Main features of AGATA Efficiency
40 (M? 1) 25 (M? 30) todays arrays 10
(gain 4) 5 (gain 1000) Peak/Total 55
(M?1) 45 (M?30) today 55
40 Angular Resolution 1º ? FWHM (1 MeV,
v/c50) 6 keV !!! today 40 keV Rates 3 MHz
(M?1) 300 kHz (M? 30) today 1 MHz
20 kHz
180 or 120 large volume 36-fold segmented Ge
crystals in 60 or 40 triple-clusters Digital
electronics and sophisticated Pulse Shape
Analysis algorithms allow Operation of Ge
detectors in position sensitive mode ? ?-ray
tracking Demonstrator ready by 2007
Construction of full array from 2008 ??
J. Simpson
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The Rare Isotope Accelerator(USA)
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