Sports Injuries

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Sports Injuries

• Dr Christopher Tong
• Sports Medicine Specialists
• 8/F AON China Building
• 29 Queens Road Central
• Hong Kong

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Todays talk

• Overview of sports medicine
• Review of anatomy
• General principles of sports injuries management
  including clinical examination
• lower limb injuries

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Anatomy and Function
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Symptoms of Meniscal tear

• Symptoms
• Pain
• Locking
• Knee swelling
• Signs
• Knee effusion
• Joint line tenderness
• Apley grinding test
• McMurray test

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Finished Product
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Acute Knee Injury
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• Clinical Problem
• Clinical Examination (Anatomical Knowledge
  Needed)
• Diagnosis

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Common Structures Damaged

• Cruciate ligaments
• Collateral ligaments
• Menisci
• Nerve (common peroneal)

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Knee Arthroscopy
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Normal ACL
Ruptured ACL
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Knee Arthroscopy
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Management of acute knee injuries

• Rest
• Ice
• Compression
• Elevation
• Complete examination to diagnose structures
  damaged
• MRI or arthroscopy

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Cartilage Injuries
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The Challenge
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Drilling
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Replacement

• Osteochondral graft
• autograft, mosaicplasty, OATS
• allograft

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Ankle Sprains
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Ankle Sprain
Ankle Sprain
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Acute Management
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Common Peroneal Nerve Function

• Sensory
• Motor
• Anterior compartment (deep peroneal nerve)
• Lateral compartment (superficial peroneal nerve)

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My Work

• PWH Orthopaedics Sports Team
• Knee and shoulder surgery 80
• Foot and Ankle surgery 20
• Hong Kong Sports Institute
• Honorary Sports Medicine Consultant
• Care of HK elite athletes

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Scope of Sports Medicine

• Sports injuries and management
• Sports psychology
• Sports nutrition
• Physical conditioning and training
• Doping
• Medical aspects of sports medicine
• Rehabilitation
• Sports physiology

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Multidisciplinary Team

• Sports physician
• Orthopaedic surgeon
• Sports psychologist
• Sports nutritionist
• Coaches
• Physiotherapists
• Sports physiologist

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Sports physician

• Overall care of athlete
• Medical aspects
• Non-operative aspects of sports injuries
• Team doctor and travel medicine
• Liaison role with other specialists

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Sports psychology

• Enhance performance
• 100 m sprinter vs. Olympic archer
• Injury prevention and rehabilitation
• Tools
• Relaxation techniques
• Goal setting
• Visualization

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Sports nutritionist

• Macronutrients
• CHO, lipids, protein
• Micronutrients
• Vitamins, minerals, antioxidants
• Fluid balance
• Supplements
• Creatine, bicarbonates, caffeine

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Doping

• Blood doping
• Anabolic steroids
• Erythropoietin
• Growth hormone
• Stimulants
• e.g. amphetamines
• Diuretics

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Coaching

• Fitness
• Strength training
• Speed
• Endurance
• Flexibility
• Injury prevention

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Principles of training

• Progressive overload
• Specificity
• Periodization
• Tapering

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Progressive overload

• Overuse injuries are often the result of training
  which is too much, too soon.
• Training load
• Frequency
• Duration
• Intensity

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Sports physiology

• Energy systems
• Anaerobic
• ATP phosphocreatine system
• Glycolytic system
• Aerobic
• Carbohydrate oxidation
• Fat oxidation
• Muscle physiology
• Training implications

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Sports Medicine

• Multidisciplinary business