Australia%20and%20New%20Zealand

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Australia and New Zealand

• Preview
• Section 1 Australia
• Section 2 New Zealand
• Chapter Wrap-Up

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Section 1 Australia

• Read to Discover
• What are the main features of Australias natural
  environments?
• What are Australias history and culture like?
• What are some important features of Australias
  human systems?

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Section 1 Australia
Question What are Australias landform regions,
water resources, climates, and other resources?
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Section 1 Australia
Water Resources
Landform Regions
Murray RiverDarling RiverArtesian wells
Great Dividing RangeCentral LowlandsWestern
Plateau
The Natural Environments of Australia
Other Resources
Climates
Arid, semiarid, tropical wet and dry, humid
subtropical, marine west coast, Mediterranean
Bauxite, copper, iron ore, lead, silver, zinc,
gemstones, coal, oil, natural gas, sheep
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Section 1 Australia
Natural Environments

• Great Dividing RangeEastern highlands main
  mountain system
• Central LowlandsArtesian wells Lake Eyre, salt
  lake Simpson Desert
• Western PlateauTwo-thirds of country oldest
  rocks deserts, Nullarbor Plain
• Great Barrier ReefCoral reefs varied tropical
  sea life
• Dry, desert interior (outback) surrounded by
  wetter, greener coasts, with some rainforests
• Unusual animal lifemarsupials

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Section 1 Australia
History and Culture

• AboriginesAncient native culture traditionally
  nomadic hundreds of languages
• British settled Australia as a penal colony
  starting in 1788.
• Settlers forced Aborigines off the land.
• Six large colonies developed became Commonwealth
  in 1901.
• People are mainly of European ancestry many
  Asians began arriving in 1970s.

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Section 1 Australia
History and Culture (continued)

• Most people live in southeastern coastal cities.
• ReligionMostly Christian Aborigine beliefs
  immigrants have brought other religions
• Sports and beach activities are popular.
• There are world-renowned artists and craftsmen.
• Foods are often a mix of Mediterranean and Asian.

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Section 1 Australia
Human Systems

• Developed country with a market economy
• Good transportation and health care
• Stable democratic government
• Key economic activitiesServices, mining,
  extensive agriculture (wool), tourism

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Section 2 New Zealand

• Read to Discover
• What are some important features of New Zealands
  natural environment?
• What are New Zealands history and culture like?
• On what is New Zealands economy based, and what
  economic challenge does the country face?

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Section 2 New Zealand
Question What are the physical features of the
North and South Islands of New Zealand?
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Section 2 New Zealand
North Island
South Island
Both Islands
Forests, volcanoes, geysers, hot springs, hills
Mountains, glaciers, lakes, plains
Lowlands
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Section 2 New Zealand
Natural Environments

• North IslandForests, fertile lowlands tectonic
  activity (earthquakes, geysers, hot springs)
• South IslandHigh elevations (Southern Alps)
  Canterbury Plains
• Mild marine west coast climate overall
• Temperate forest biomeEvergreens, endemic
  species (kiwis, moas, bats)

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Section 2 New Zealand
History and Culture

• Maori arrived around 1000 years ago settled on
  North Island.
• James Cook arrived in 1769 British settlers came
  from Australia.
• Settlers took Maori land wars (18451872) led to
  Maori defeat.
• New Zealand gained independence, 1907 continued
  to develop farming economy.

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Section 2 New Zealand
History and Culture (continued)

• Most people have British ancestors Maori make up
  about 10 percent.
• Population is concentrated along coasts, mainly
  on North Island and in cities.
• Outdoor activities and sports are popular many
  sheep.

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Section 2 New Zealand
New Zealands Economy

• New Zealands economy is based on farming, but
  manufacturing and services are growing.
• AgricultureSheep and cattle very important
  crops include wheat, barley, fruits.
• IndustryFood processing, wood and paper,
  textiles, machinery
• Film production and tourism are also important.
• ChallengesSmall population makes economy of
  scale difficult dependence on global trade makes
  country vulnerable to outside forces.

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Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
1. What are some of the reasons Australia is
dominated by arid and semiarid climates? 2. What
is the pattern of the distribution of major
cities in Australia? Why do few people live in
the continents interior? 3. How have the
physical characteristics of New Zealand changed
during the last 1,000 years? 4. What are some
important characteristics of New Zealands market
economy? 5. How are the physical and human
geography of Australia and New Zealand similar?
How are they different?