Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact 500-1500 AD

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Byzantines, Russians, and Turks
Interact500-1500 AD

• Chapter 11

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Vocabulary

• Justinian Code The Body of Roman Law, collected
  and organized by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian
• Hagia Sophia The Cathedral of (Holy Wisdom in
  Constantinople) built by Justinian
• Patriarch Principal Bishop in the Eastern Branch
  of the Christianity (Eastern Orthodox)
• Icon A religious image used by Eastern Orthodox
  Christians
• Excommunication The taking away of a persons
  right of membership in a Christian Church

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Vocabulary

• Cyrillic Alphabet The alphabet for Slavic
  languages
• Slavs People from the forests North of the Black
  Sea (Now Eastern European)
• Ivan III Russian who established the Russian
  control from the Mongols
• Czar Russian emperor (Roman title for Caesar)
• Seljuks Turkish group who started their own
  empire in Turkey in the 11th century
• Malik Shah Most famous Seljuk sultans/prime
  minister

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Byzantium Becomes the New Rome

• New Rome in a New Setting
• Justinian A New Line of Caesars
• Rome was officially divided in two in 395
• Justinian became Caesar of the Eastern Roman
  Empire in 527
• The Absolute Power of the Emperors
• The Byzantine Emperors controlled politics and
  religion

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Building the New Rome

• Justinians Code
• The Code consisted of four works aimed at created
  a uniform set of laws for Byzantium
• a. The Code - Contained 5,000 Roman Laws
• b. The Digest Summarized the opinions of Romes
  legal thinkers
• c. The Institutes A Textbook that taught
  students about the laws
• d. The Novellae Any new laws created after 534
• Strange Laws

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Building A New Rome

• Creating the Imperial Capital
• Justinian rebuilt massive fortifications around
  Constantinople
• Construction of hospitals, aqueducts, and schools
  rivaled old Rome
• Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)/Hippodrome
• Reconquered most of the OLD ROMAN EMPIRE!!!!!
• Constantinoples Hectic Pace
• The Citys main streets were crowded with
  merchants from Asia, Africa, and Europe
• Free entertainment provided at the Hippodrome
  (horse-track) which sat 60,000 people

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Hippodrome
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Life In The New Rome

• Byzantium Preserves Learning
• Schools and Subjects
• Almost all children attended either monastic or
  public schools
• Byzantium helped to preserve ancient Greek and
  Roman knowledge through the Middle Ages
• The Empire Confronts Its Enemies
• The Mysterious Plague of Justinian
• From 542-700 a series of plagues swept through
  Byzantium
• By 700, Byzantium had lost a large amount of its
  population

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Attacks On The Empire

• Attacks From East and West
• Germanic tribes, Seljuk Turks, and Russians
  launched invasions of Byzantine territory between
  600-1400
• Constantly attacked due to resources/trade routes
• By 1350, only immediate area around
  Constantinople was controlled by Byzantium

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The Division of Christianity

• The Church Divides
• A Split Between Rome and Constantinople
• The head of the Eastern Church was known as the
  Patriarch
• In 1054, the Patriarch and the Pope had a
  disagreement over religious doctrine
• Each excommunicated the other, or kicked them out
  of the church
• The Great Schism, it forever split Roman
  Catholicism with Eastern Orthodox

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Division of Christianity

• Roman Catholic

• Eastern Orthodox

• Old
• Pope
• Rome

• New
• Patriarch
• Constantinople

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Roman Catholic Old Similarities Eastern Orthodox New
Latin They base their faith on the gospel of Jesus and the Bible Greek or local languages
The Pope has authority over all other Bishops They use sacraments such as a baptism The Patriarch and other bishops head the Church as a group
The Pope claims authority over all kings and emperors Their religious leaders are Priests and Bishops The emperor claims authority over the Patriarch and other Bishops the empire
Priests may not marry Priests may be married
Divorce is not allowed They seek to convert people Divorce is allowed under certain conditions
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Roman Catholic Old Eastern Orthodox New Similarities
Language Latin Greek or local languages They base their faith on the gospel of Jesus and the Bible
Religious Structure The Pope has authority over all other Bishops The Patriarch and other bishops head the Church as a group They use sacraments such as a baptism
Authority Political The Pope claims authority over all kings and emperors The emperor claims authority over the Patriarch and other Bishops the empire Their religious leaders are Priests and Bishops
Priests Priests may not marry Priests may be married
Divorce Divorce is not allowed Divorce is allowed under certain conditions They seek to convert people
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Religious Conversations

• Byzantine Missionaries Convert the Slavs
• Missionaries from the Orthodox Church began to
  convert Slavs in the 9th Century
• Cyrillic Alphabet
• Basis for Slav/Russian Lang.

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Cyrillic Language
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The Russian Empire

• Chapter 112

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Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture

• Both Slavic and Greek
• The Land of Russias Birth
• Three great rivers (Dnieper, Don, and Volga)
  connect Russia to the Black and Caspian Seas
• Ural Mountains
• Slavs and Vikings
• The original inhabitants of Eastern Europe were a
  mix between Slavs and Vikings
• Vikings called Rus (Russia)
• Slaves invited Viking King (Rurik) to be their
  king

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The Birth of Russia

• Kiev Becomes Orthodox
• Kiev become powerful trade city (Constantinople)
• Prince Vladimir Investigates Monotheism
• Prince Vladimir converted to Orthodox
  Christianity in 989, and made it the official
  religion of Kiev
• Created link between Kiev and Byzantine Empire

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Kievs Power and Decline

• Kiev due to trade with Constantinople (Educated,
  Prosperous)
• Kiev held great power in 11th century, led by
  great Kievan ruler
• Yaroslav the Wise
• Married off daughters for political
  power/alliances
• After his death, civil war and crusades disrupted
  prosperity

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Mongolian Invasion

• Mongol Invasions Favor the Rise of Moscow
• Mongol Rule in Russia
• In 1240, Mongol warriors destroyed Kiev,
  slaughtering most inhabitants
• Khanate Golden Horde (Kingdom, Royal Color Camp)
• Mongols allowed Russians to keep their customs in
  return for obedience and monetary tribute
• Mongol rule cut off the Russians from Western
  Europe, setting them back 200 years in technology

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Life Under The Mongols

• Allowed to continue culture/religion (tax)
• Mongol Demands Absolute Obedience/Massive
  Tributes
• Religious toleration
• Separated from Western Europe/Isolated (No new
  Technology/Cultural Diffusion)
• Moscow became center of Russian government under
  Mongols
• Patriarch of Eastern Church moved to Moscow,
  linking religion with government

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Russia Breaks Free

• By 1156 Moscow grew to be an important city
  (Volga, Dnieper, Don Rivers)
• Prince Ivan I grew in power b/c tax collector
• Convinced the Patriarch in Kiev to move to Moscow
  
• Church now supported Moscow

• Ivan III 43 year reign
• Challenged Mongol Rule, named himself Czar
• Marched to battle but both sides turned around
  (Bloodless Revolution)

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Turkish Empires Rise In Anatolia

• Chapter 113

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Rise of the Turks

• Nomadic Herders
• Known for their military skill/craftsmanship
• Abbasids bought Turkish child-slaves to train as
  soldiers (Mamelukes)
• Seljuk Turks (family/clan) grew in power
• Captured the Abbasid capital (Baghdad) in 1055 AD
• Captured Persia
• Adopted Religion, language, literature
• Shah (king)
• Eventually pushed their forces into Anatolia
• Pressured the Byzantine Empire

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Challenges Facing the Seljuk

• The Seljuk and the Crusaders

• The Seljuk Face the Mongols

• Pope II launched the First Crusade in 1095
• Christians to drive the Turks/Muslims out of
  Anatolia/Holy Land
• 1099 the Crusaders captured Jerusalem (Massacred
  Jewish/Muslims)
• Saladin lead Muslims recaptured Jerusalem 1187

• Mongol Armies eventually turned to the West
• Destroyed/Conquered/slaughtered everything in the
  way
• Captured Baghdad
• Wrapped the Caliph in blankets (Horses)