Grammar Unit 1

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Grammar Unit 1

• Basic Patterns

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Simple subject and predicates

• Subjectdoer of sentence
• Predicateverb the act of the doer
• Examples Mary sang at our concert.
• Find subject and predicate
• Mary is the subject
• Sang is the predicate

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Simple SP cont

• Simple Subjectthe doer with no phrases or
  modifiersjust the noun(s)
• Simple predicatethe verb with no modifiers
• Example A plate of cookies enticed him to eat.
• Example Joe played in the park.

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Compound subjects and predicates

• A sentence can have more than one subject and
  more than one predicate
• Example John and his friend went to the game.
• Example Bob stood in the aisle and spoke loudly.

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Commands

• In commands, the subject of the sentence is
  usually understood.
• Example Wash the dishes. You wash the dishes.
• Example Stop and listen. You stop and listen.

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Practice

• Find the simple subject and simple predicate.
• Pete and Jim skated all weekend.
• Jerry walked to the Oaks Mall.
• Come in from the rain.
• Her mother left in anger.
• Jim spoke clearly and forcefully.
• Jane writes well.

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First Basic Pattern Subject, Intransitive Verb

• Intransitive Verb A verb that is complete in
  itself. Does not need another word to complete
  its meaning.
• Example John jumped into the water.
• John jumped is a complete sentence. Jump is an
  intransitive verb.
• Example Beth ran in the marathon last month.

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Modifiers

• Verbs can have modifiersAdverbs
• A verb or phrase that modifies the verb answers
  the questions how, when, where, why, or how much
  (to what extent)
• Example Jack left later.
• Example I jumped on my bed.

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Practice

• Identify the word or phrase that modifies the
  verb and identify the simple subject and
  predicate.
• My fountain pen writes better every day.
• The leaf drifted slowly to the ground.
• Robert painted in the dark.
• Jane swam in Jacks swimming pool.
• She works for money.

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Second Basic Pattern Subject, Transitive Verb,
Direct Object

• Transitive Verb a verb that is not complete in
  itself needs a noun or a pronoun to complete it
  called a direct object.
• Direct object for a transitive verb always
  answers the questions what or whom
• A complement is not a modifier. It has to be
  part of the basic pattern.

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For instance

• If someone said to you, Yesterday, I bought.
  You would probably ask, What did you buy?
• Bought, in this sentence, is not an intransitive
  verb. It needs a direct object.

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Practice

• Identify the basic pattern 2 for the following
  sentences (subject, transitive verb, direct
  object)
• My sister bought a new dress yesterday.
• Finish your homework.
• She broke her arm during practice.
• Take this book to the library.
• Debra lost an earring during the dance.

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Compound Predicates and Basic Pattern 2

• A compound predicate occurs when the sentence has
  more than one verb. In the same sentence, one
  verb can be transitive and one can be
  intransitive.
• Example Bill left early and took a bouquet of
  roses to his girlfriend.

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Compound Direct Objects

• Sometimes a transitive verb can have more than
  one direct object
• Example Joan took paper and pencils to the exam
  on Saturday.

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Practice

• Identify the basic pattern for the following
  sentences.
• Our old car needs a thorough overhauling.
• Wash the windows and woodwork in your room.
• Greg ordered two hamburgers and fries.
• My brother borrowed Dads car and went to a
  dance.

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Active and Passive Voice

• Voice shows how a verb speaks. A voice is active
  when the doer performs the act.
• Paul wrote on the blackboard.
• A voice speaks passively when the doer receives
  the action.
• The sweater was torn by Margaret.

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Practice

• Rewrite the following sentences in active voice.
• The solo was sang beautifully by Jane.
• My brother was grabbed by the bully.
• A message was sent by Ted to his brother.

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Third Basic Pattern Subject, Linking Verb,
Subject Complement

• Linking verb links the subject with its
  complement
• Referred to as a state-of-being verb it does
  not act
• State-of-being verbs am, is, are, was, were, be,
  been
• The complement of a linking verb refers back to
  the subject
• Example The captain is Tom.

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Complements

• The complement of a linking verb can be a noun,
  pronoun, or an adjective
• Find the complements
• Jerry is an excellent swimmer.
• Jerry is he.
• Jerry is happy.

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Transitive Verbs vs. Linking Verbs

• Molly won the tennis tournament.
• Pattern Molly won tournament
• Tournament completes verb, not subject

• Molly was a tennis champion.
• Pattern Molly was champion
• Molly and champion are the same
• Champion complements Molly, not the verb

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Some practice

• Look at the following sentences
• Brian played ball in the park.
• Ball complements?
• Sally wrote a letter to her aunt.
• Letter complements?
• Jim is a good math student.
• Student complements.

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State-of-being Verbs

• Most common linking verbs are forms of to be am,
  is, are, was, were, be, been
• To be linking, the verb must link. I
• No linking, then the verb is intransitive
• Example Mary was in her room. (not linking)
• Example Mary was a teacher. (linking)

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Practice

• Determine if the state-of-being verbs in the
  following sentences are linking verbs or
  intransitive verbs.
• I will be famous.
• The flowers were beautiful.
• Jeff was working for my father.
• The books were taken to the library.
• My father was chief engineer.