Separation%20Techniques

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Separation Techniques
Chemistry
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Separation Techniques -

• Involve the separation of mixtures to enhance
  purity of substances
• Are important because most substances are needed
  in their pure state.

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Some Types of Separation Techniques

• Filtration
• Chromatography
• Distillation
• Fractional Crystallization
• Centrifugation

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Filtration

• This is a technique used to separate mixtures of
  an insoluble solid and a liquid.

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Examples of Mixtures You Can Separate Using
Filtration

• Sand and water
• Broken glass and a liquid
• A precipitate from a liquid

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Chromatography

• Is the separation technique used to separate
  soluble substances using a media and a solvent.
• It is mostly applied in identifying mixtures that
  are colored or pigmented.

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Types of Distillation
Distillation

• This is the separation technique where two
  miscible liquids are separated.
• It is made possible due to the fact that each
  liquid has its unique boiling point.

• Simple distillation
• Fractional distillation

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Fractional distillation

• This is the technique used to separate a mixture
  of two miscible liquids with different boiling
  points.
• E.g water and ethanol
• The boiling point for water is 100 while for
  ethanol it is 78.

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Fractional Crystallization

• A process by which a chemical compound is
  separated into components by crystallization.
• In fractional crystallization the compound is
  mixed with a solvent,
• heated, and then gradually cooled so that, as
  each of its constituent components crystallizes,
  it can be removed in its pure form from the
  solution.

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Centrifugation

• Centripetal acceleration causes more dense
  substances to separate to the bottom of the tube.
  
• By the same token, lighter objects will tend to
  move to the top of the tube.

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Questions

1. What is a mixture?
2. Give three ways of separating a mixture.
3. What kind of mixtures can you separate using the
   filtration method?
4. Give an example of a mixture you can separate
   using the fractional distillation method.

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Answers

• It is a substance made up of two or more
  substances which are physically combined.
• Filtration, Chromatography and Distillation.
• Mixtures of an insoluble substance and a liquid.
• Ethanol and water.