entropy >

1
Energy Sources for Organisms
Energy flows in an ecosystem
entropy gt
2
The Great Weather Engine
IN
OUT
OUT
GhE
Figure 9.3
7
3
The Great Weather Engine
collects
Figure 9.6
3
4
Cycle drives the hydrologic cycle by loading
water, moving it and unloading it. Chapter 10
2
5
collects
1
Moving air creates the pressure differences
10
4
Ecological Economics

• neoclassical economics ecological
  economics
• natural resources
• obtain... use... discard obtain...
  use... reuse... recycle
• natural capital
• regarded as plentiful, cheap seen
  as valuable
• recycling of materials
• takes place in ecosystems that are
  regeneration part of the valued as
  resources waste dumps economy

5
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT- amount of land needed to
support a given activity for example, life of a
city 126 billion acres of earth surface 31
billion acres of bio-productive land 6 billion
people on earth 5.2 acres of bio-capacity a 5.2
acre footprint 7 acres per person is the average
footprint at present 1 acre per person is the
footprint allowed it we allot 80 of the earth
for non-human ecosystems
FOOTPRINT takes into account the land use for
supporting humans shown in the diagram at the
left.
fossil energy built
food
forest consumed
environment land
products
energy consumed
farm land forest land
land land
6
Ecological Economics
6000
World load in 1999 At US per capita level
5000
World load in 1986
Recall the third factor that is related to load
on the Earth CARE
fossil energy built food
forest consumption environment land
products
4000
graph areas represent the size of this footprint
3000
Population in Millions
2000
1000
World load in 1800
US load in 1986
500
World load in 1500
0
0 10 20 50 100
150 200
Per Capita Energy Use Kcal/day
Stress-effect of population and resource/energy
use on Earth is the Footprint. Ecological
economics will reduce per capita use of energy
and natural resources Less load on the Earth

7
Shrinking the Waste Stream

• some approaches to waste reduction
• producing less waste the most basic and
  effective one
• life-cycle assessment of products to reduce
  waste, toxics
• evaluate mining, harvesting, manufacturing,
  packaging processes