Rocks

1
Rocks

• Formed by the Earths natural forces.
• Hard, solid part of earths Lithosphere.
• May contain plant and animal material (the
  material was once alive)
• Made of a mixture of minerals

2
Minerals

• Forces inside Earth or on its surface form them.
• Basic building blocks of rocks.
• Made of one or more elements or chemicals.
• Metals iron, copper, aluminum, gold
• Gems diamonds, rubies, emeralds

3
Color

• Easiest property to observe, but not the best for
  identification.
• Use words like light, dark, streaks, spots,
  bright, dull, shiny

4
Rocks and Minerals

• A GEOLOGIST IS A SCIENTIST WHO STUDIES ROCKS
• To learn about Earths history
• To find uses for rocks to make our lives more
  comfortable

5
Texture

• How the R/M feels, refers to the size of the
  pieces that make up the rock
• fine, coarse, granular, sandy, greasy, smooth

6
Layers

• Layers cant be observed in our kit, the samples
  are too small
• Geologist observe layers in formations of
  sedimentary rock
• like the
• Grand Canyon!

7
Cleavage

• The way some minerals break
• Split in sheets, cubes, right angles.
• Salt has cleavage in three directions.
• Biotite has perfect cleavage
• in one direction.
• Feldspar has cleavage in
• two directions.

8
Mohs Hardness Scale

• If a mineral can be scratched by a
• Fingernail 1-2
• Coin, but not a fingernail 3-4
• Steel Nail, but not a coin 5-6
• Diamond, but not a steel nail 7-9
• A Diamond has a hardness of 10

9
Acid Test

• The acid will react by bubbling or fizzing.
• 1.Put on safety goggles.
• 2.Place R/M in a cup.
• 3. Place one drop of acid on the rock.
• 4.Record results. Did it fizz?
• 5.Blot the R/M dry with a towel.

10
Streak Test

• The streak is the color of the powder left by the
  R/M
• If a R/M doesnt leave a streak, it has a
  hardness of 8-9
• 1. Rub a R/M across the streak plate once.
• 2. Observe and record the color of the streak or
  if there was no streak.

11
Electricity Test

• To test a R/M to see if it
• contains metal.

12
Sedimentary Rocks

• Formed by weathering by wind and water break up
  rock.
• Made from bits of rock, sand, mud, clay, and the
  remains of dead plants and animals.
• Rivers, streams, and gravity carry the sediments.
• One layer of sediment after another settled.
• Minerals in the water and the weight of the
  layers, cement the sediment together.

13
Igneous Rocks

• Formed by hot melted rock material, magma, which
  cools and hardens (solidifies).
• Intrusive igneous
• cools slowly and hardens
• inside the earth.
• Extrusive igneous
• cools quickly on Earths
• surface after being
• ejected from volcanoes.

14
Metamorphic Rock

• Formed from igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic
  rocks that have been changed by heat and
  continental pressure.
• Meta change Morphic form