Hitler

1
Hitlers War Machine

• Hitler dreamed of revenge for Germanys defeat in
  WWI and their harsh treatment in the Treaty of
  Versailles.
• Launched a massive buildup of the countrys
  military and put people back to work in the midst
  of a worldwide depression in the early 1930s.

2
Kid in a Candy Store

• Hitler throws a fit and gets what he wants!
• 1936 sent troops into the demilitarized Rhineland
• 1938 forced Austria to unite with Germany.
• 1938 demanded that Czechoslovakia turn over the
  Sudetenland to Germany. Said that was all he
  wanted.
• 1939 seized the rest of Czechoslovakia.
• Then demanded Poland as well.

3
Fighting Begins!

• Britain and France pledged to defend Poland if
  Germany attacked.
• Hitler negotiated a temporary peace with Soviet
  leader Joseph Stalin to keep them both out of war
  with the other (Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact).

4
War Begins

• WWII began on September 1, 1939 when Germany
  invaded Poland.
• Attacked in a blitzkrieg, or lightning war.
• Britain and France become the Allied Powers and
  mobilize for war.
• France massed their troops behind the Maginot
  Line, a fortified wall between France and Germany
  built after WWI.
• Didnt work!

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Miracle at Dunkirk

• April 1940. Germany took over Denmark and
  Norway.
• May 1940. Germany took over Belgium, Luxembourg,
  and the Netherlands.
• At the French port of Dunkirk, over 300,000
  Allied soldiers were rescued by boat as the
  Germans had moved north of the Maginot Line and
  trapped them.
• EVERY boat of any size was used to evacuate the
  beaches.

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Battle of Britain

• June 22, 1940. France surrendered to Germany.
• Germany looked to Britain next.
• July 1940 the Luftwaffe, German air force, began
  to attack British military installations.
• Two months later, Hitler ordered civilian targets
  attacked.
• For 57 nights straight.
• The RAF (Royal Air Force) defended the British
  skies with newly developed radar.
• German invasion was a failure.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vMkTw3_PmKtc

8
Defeated by General Winter

• Hitler turned his attention to the Soviet Union
  after nullifying the Nazi-Soviet Pact.
• Unleashed the blitzkrieg in June 1941 3 million
  Germans.
• 2.5 million Soviets died fighting the Nazis
• The temperature hit -40F in December, freezing
  thousands of German soldiers to death.
• This invasion was also not a success!

9
U.S. Neutrality

• Isolationism on our part. Congress passed a
  series of laws to support neutrality.
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt is president.
• 1939 FDR asked Congress to adjust these laws.
  Approved the lend-lease program for our allies.
  
• We will lend/lease you materials for your war
  effort. You must come and get them. We will not
  provide men to fight this war.

10
Battle of the Atlantic

• Germany began using submarine forces to stop the
  transportation of weapons in the Atlantic.
  U-boats
• Convoys of cargo ships were used as well as US
  Navy ships to safely carry the weapons to Britain.

11
Detention Centers

• During the 1930s, the Nazis sent thousands to
  Concentration Camps- detention centers.
• The racially inferior were used for slave
  labor were poorly fed and often worked to death.

12
The Final Solution

• 1941, German leaders decided on the extermination
  of European Jews.
• Six death camps were built in Poland.
• Undesirables were shipped in from all over
  Europe, within a few days packed into shower
  rooms and gassed.
• Some were used in medical experiments.
• At the height of the Holocaust, 5,000 Jews could
  be gassed in a camp/day.
• By 1945 SIX million Jews had died.

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Gas Chamber
15
Conflict with Japan

• Japan had been an aggressor nation in the 1930s,
  conquering much of China.
• Japan allied itself with Germany and Italy, or
  the Axis Powers.
• The U.S. stopped trading valuable goods with the
  Japanese.

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Pearl Harbor

• December 7, 1941, Japanese warplanes attacked
  Pearl Harbor.
• Also, same day, they attacked US military bases
  in the Philippines and Guam, Midway, and Wake
  Island.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vZJZLc5_l-_Q
• A date which will live in infamy (disgrace)
  FDR
• December 8, 1941, US declares war on Japan.
  Germany and Italy then declare war on the US.

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• Transcend life and death. When you eliminate all
  thoughts about life and death, you will be able
  to totally disregard your earthly life. This will
  also enable you to concentrate your attention on
  eradicating the enemy with unwavering
  determination, meanwhile reinforcing your
  excellence in flight skills.
• - A paragraph from the Kamikaze pilot's manual,
  located in their cockpits.

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Pearl Harbor
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U.S.S. Arizona
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Who were the Allies?

• After the U.S. entered the war the new Big
  Three began meeting to make war plans.
• United States FDR
• Britain - Winston Churchill
• Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin
• FDR and Churchill didnt trust Stalinbut needed
  him!

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D-Day

• Building up for an invasion of France by Allied
  forces!
• June 6, 1944 on the coast of Normandy, France.
• Led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
• 60 mile stretch of coastline
• D-Day Deception

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D-Day Facts

• 136,000 Allied Forces stormed the beaches of
  Normandy, France.
• They assaulted five beaches, code-named Utah,
  Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. The bloodiest
  fighting occurred at Omaha, where the Americans
  suffered more than 2,000 casualties.
• Led way for 1 million Allied forces to enter
  Paris, France on Aug. 25, 1944.
• D-Day - The History Channel

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At the same time

• The Soviets move in from the East.
• Freed Leningrad (800,000 people had died in an 80
  day siege against the Germans), Ukraine, Poland,
  Romania, and Bulgaria.

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Battle of the Bulge

• Hitler counterattacked in Belgium in December
  1944.
• Allied lines bulged, but did NOT break.
• Last German offensive of the war.
• Battle of the Bulge - History Channel

30
V-E Day

• By March 1945, Allied troops had worked their way
  into western Germany.
• Soviet troops closed in from the east, shook
  hands with Americans once they met.
• All over Europe, Axis armies began to surrender.
• Hitler committed suicide in his underground
  bunker.
• May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered May 8
  proclaimed V-E Day (Victory in Europe)

31
War in Asia and the Pacific

• Japanese victories after Pearl Harbor gave them
  control of much of Southeast Asia and many
  Pacific islands
• Gen. Douglas MacArthur In charge of US troops
  in the Pacific
• March, 1942- Had to be evacuated from the
  Philippines

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Bataan Peninsula

• American and Filipino soldiers under attack on
  the Bataan peninsula by the Japanese.
• 65 mile Bataan Death March in May 1942.
• 10,000 Filipino soldiers and several hundred
  American soldiers died at the hands of the
  Japanese invaders while marching to a POW camp.
• Heat, dust, starvation, thirst, flies, filth,
  stench, murder, torture, corpses, and wholesale
  brutality that numbs memory.
• Civilians were killed if they assisted the
  prisoners.

33
The Tide Turns in the Pacific

• June 1942 victories in the battles of the Coral
  Sea and Midway Island by the United States.
• Summer of 1942 MacArthur lands the Marines at
  Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands beginning the
  island hopping campaign in the Pacific.
• This allowed the recapture of Japanese-held
  islands while bypassing others served as
  stepping stones to the next objective.
• Primary goal Japan or bust!

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Iwo Jima

• Strategic island in the Pacific a Japanese
  stronghold with 21,000 soldiers.
• Feb. 23, 1945 all out fight to win Iwo Jima
  resulted in 6,821 American dead and nearly 20,000
  Japanese dead.
• An American victory SIX soldiers raised the US
  flag on Mt. Suribachi when the island was nearly
  secured.
• Iwo Jima - The History Channel

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A New Weapon

• While Allied leaders planned an invasion of
  Japan, scientists worked on another option.
• Manhattan Project Plan to split the atom and
  create the atomic bomb.
• The 1st successful test happened in New Mexico,
  July 1945.

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To drop the bomb or not

• Mid 1945, Japan has no navy or air force.
• Still, their army numbers close to 2 million men.
• FDR dies VP Harry Truman becomes President.
• The decision to invade the island of Japan could
  cost an estimated 1 million American lives.

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Little Boy Fat Man
41
Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• Truman gave the Japanese a final offer to
  surrender they refused.
• August 6, 1945 Hiroshima 70k dead refused to
  surrender.
• August 9, 1945 Nagasaki 40,000 dead
• September 2, 1945 Japan (finally) surrenders.

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Hiroshima Before and After
43

• Energy was powerful enough to burn through
  clothing.

Tsutomu Yamaguchi Recognized as first citizen
to survive BOTH blasts. Died in January 2010
93 years old.
44
Aftermath

• Nuremberg Trials Allies agreed that Axis
  leaders should be tried for crimes against
  humanity.
• Nearly 200 were tried, some sentenced to death,
  others imprisoned.
• Several countries were occupied by Allied
  military leaders democracies were set up.

45
The Alliance Breaks Apart!

• The United States and Soviet Union emerge as the
  worlds two superpowers.
• Stalin wanted to spread communism into Eastern
  European countries that the Soviet Union now
  controlled.
• U.S. and others in the west didnt agree.
• Truman Doctrine 1947, contain communism to
  areas that the Soviets already controlled.
• COLD WAR BEGINS!

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Berlin Airlift

• Marshall Plan Aid package offered to Europeans
  after WWII. Soviets did NOT allow U.S. aid to
  countries they occupied!
• Berlin was divided up between the AlliesStalin
  wanted it to be controlled by the Soviet Union.
• He sealed off railways and highways into western
  Berlin.
• The U.S., Britain, France began a year long
  airlift, supplying West Berliners with food, etc.
  

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