CONFINED SPACE

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CONFINED SPACE
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Confined SpacePre-Training Quiz

• 1. A Confined Space is defined by OSHA as a
  space which restricts the movement of an
  occupant.
• True False
• 2. A monitor for a Permit Required Confined
  Space can do another job as long as he/she can
  maintain voice contact with the entrant.
• True False

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Pre-Training Quiz (Cont)

• 3. Unfavorable natural ventilation may be found
  in a confined space because of the
  design/configuration.
• True False
• 4. The normal concentration of oxygen in the air
  is 21 percent.
• True False

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Pre-Training Quiz (Cont)

• 5. The minimum safe level of oxygen is 19.5
  percent.
• True False
• 6. Carbon monoxide is a colorless gas with a
  distinctive odor related to internal combustion
  engines.
• True False

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Pre-Training Quiz (Cont)

• 7. An entrant must be trained prior to entering
  a confined space.
• True False
• 8. Do all entrants entering a Permit Required
  Confined Space have to wear a rescue harness?
• True False

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Federal Laws

• Congress passes an Act
• Codify Regulations
• Sometimes called standards
• Code of Federal Regulations

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Code of Federal Regulations

• 29 CFR -- Labor
• 40 CFR -- Environmental
• 49 CFR -- Transportation

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29 CFR ?1910.146andFSH MEMO 385-6

• Permit Required Confined Space
• and
• Confined Space Program

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Confined Space

• Has size and shape large enough for a person to
  enter,
• Has limited entrance and exits, and
• Is not designed for people to work in
  continuously.

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Examples of Confined Spaces

• Manholes
• Sumps
• Crawl Spaces
• Food Freezers
• Attics
• Vaults

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Permit Required Confined Space(PRCS)

• Atmospheric Hazard
• Engulfment Hazard
• Configuration Hazard
• Contains other recognized Safety or Health Hazard

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Non-Permit Required Confined Space

• Confined Space that doesnt have a hazard other
  than by definition
• Can be made a PRCS by conducting an activity
  inside

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Individuals Involved in PRCS

• Entrant
• Attendant (Monitor)
• Entry Supervisor

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Entrant

• A person who passes through an
• opening into a PRCS. Entry is
• considered to have occurred as soon
• as any part of the body breaks the
• plane of the opening.

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Attendant

• An individual stationed outside of
• one or more permit spaces who
• monitors the authorized entrant.

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Entry Supervisor

• The person responsible for
• determining if acceptable entry
• conditions are present,
• overseeing entry,
• and terminating entry.

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OSHA Requirements

• Identify all CS
• Identify hazards in PRCS
• Establish a CS Program
• Training
• Emergency/Rescue
• Audits/Spot Checks
• Annual Review

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Common Hazards

• Atmospheric
• Lack of Oxygen
• Carbon Monoxide
• Hydrogen
• Methane
• Flammable/Explosive

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Oxygen

• Normal Air - 21
• Enriched Air - 23.5
• Deficient Air - gt19.5

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Oxygen Deficiency

• Disorientation, impaired judgement, difficult
  breathing - 16
• Bad judgement, fatigue - 14
• Mental failure, fainting - 8
• Difficult breathing, DEATH - 6

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Carbon Monoxide

• Toxic, Colorless, Odorless, Tasteless
• 50 ppm - PEL (25 ppm - TLV)
• 200 ppm - Frontal Headache
• 800 ppm - Headache, dizziness, nausea,
• possible death
• 6400 ppm - Unconscious in 10-15 minutes
• 12,800 ppm - Death in 3 minutes

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Hydrogen Sulfide

• Toxic, Colorless, Rotten Egg Smell,
• Heavier than Air
• 20 ppm - Ceiling (if no other exposure)
• 10 ppm - TLV
• 0.13 ppm - odor threshold
• 10 ppm - Eye Irritation
• 27 ppm - Strong, Unpleasant odor

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Hydrogen Sulfide (Cont)

• 100 ppm - Loss of Sense of Smell
• 500 ppm - Loss of Consciousness and
• Death within 30 minutes
• 700 ppm - Rapid Unconsciousness and
• Death
• 1000 ppm - Stop Breathing

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Methane

• Odorless and Colorless
• PEL - None
• No Physiological action (under study)
• Lowers partial pressure (ergo less oxygen)
• Explosive
• Low Density.

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Flammable/ExplosiveAtmospheres

• Where a flammable /explosive gas
• vapor, or dust is present in a
• concentration greater than 10
• of the LEL

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Flammable/ExplosiveAtmospheres

• BE CAREFUL
• If insufficient oxygen, most meters wont work
• Can poison meter if high concentration
• Even if lt10 of LEL, can be toxic
• Meter monitors a small area
• Proceed Slowly
• Ignition Sources?????

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Monitoring

• Know the potential hazards
• Order of Monitoring
• Oxygen
• Flammable/Explosive
• Toxic
• Other

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Permit

• Supervisor Advised
• Personnel Selected
• Preparation
• Authorization
• Must be Signed

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Other Hazards and OSHAStandards

• 23 - Guarding Wall and Floor Openings
• 27 - Fixed Ladders
• 134 - Respiratory Protection
• 147 - Lockout/Tagout
• 1000 - Chemicals

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Preparation

• Lockout/Tagout
• Atmosphere Tested
• Entrapment/Engulfment Hazard Removed
• Post Trained Attendant
• Notify Rescue Team

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Entry Supervisor

• Know Confined Spaces
• Know Exposures
• Know Monitoring Equipment
• Know Signs and Symptoms
• Issue Permits
• Maintain Logs
• Cancel/Close Permit

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Attendant

• Know Confined Spaces
• Know Exposures
• Know Monitoring Equipment
• Know Signs and Symptoms
• Know Behavioral Effects
• Maintain Communication

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Attendant (Cont)

• Understand Vigilance
• Know Outside Impacts
• Know When to Order Evacuation
• Know How to Rescue without Entering
• Know Rescue Number

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Entrant

• Know the Hazards
• Know the Signs and Symptoms
• Know How to Use the PPE
• Inspect the PPE
• Review the Permit
• Be Trained on LO/TO as appropriate

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Entrant (Cont)

• Maintain Communication with Attendant
• Exit ASAP if Told
• Alert Attendant if Experiencing Symptoms

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Rescue

• Practice
• Non-Entry is BEST
• Alert Team Prior to Entry
• Why Must Rescue Be Attempted
• Correct Equipment
• Practice

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Confined Space

• Every Entry Into A Confined Space
• Must Be Done So With Suspect --
• Changes in Configuration
• Changes in Atmosphere
• Changes in Activities