Personality Disorders

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• Cluster A (Odd-Eccentric Cluster)
• Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Schizoid Personality Disorder

Personality Disorders

• Cluster B (Dramatic-Impulsive Cluster)
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder

• Cluster C (Anxious-Fearful Cluster)
• Avoidant Personality Disorder
• Dependent Personality Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

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Personality Disorders Defined

• Maladaptive personality styles
• Developed early in life and are very resistant to
  change.
• They become styles of life including extreme and
  rigid personality traits that involve odd or
  eccentric behaviors, dramatic and impulsive
  behavior or fearful or anxious behavior.
• Generally people with personality disorders do
  not think they have a problem but often create
  problems for others!

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Personality Disorders Defined

• an enduring pattern of inner experience and
  behavior that deviates markedly from the
  expectations of the culture of the individual who
  exhibits it APA
• They are inflexible and pervasive across many
  situations
• This is due in large part to the fact that such
  behavior is egosyntonic (the symptoms are part of
  who you are, they are who you are meant to be and
  are perceived as appropriate by you.)

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Personality Disorders

• Axis II
• Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation
• Diagnosed separately from Major Mental Disorders
  on Axis I
• Designed so consideration can be given to
  prevailing personality patterns, which may be
  less obvious than Axis I disorders

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Personality Disorders

• Personality patterns
• Maladaptive
• Inflexible
• Pervasive
• Enduring
• Deviant
• Cause significant distress or impairment

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Personality Disorders

• An enduring pattern of inner experience and
  behavior that deviates markedly from the
  expectations of the individuals culture. This
  pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the
  following areas
• Cognition (ways of perceiving the self, others,
  and events)
• Affect (range, intensity, lability, and
  appropriateness of affect)
• Interpersonal Functioning
• Impulse Control
• The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive
  across a broad range of personal and social
  situations

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Personality Disorders

• C. The enduring pattern leads to significant
  distress or impairment in functioning
• D. The pattern is stable and of long duration,
  and its onset can be traced back at least to
  adolescence or early adulthood
• E. Not better accounted for by another mental
  disorder
• F. Not due to a GMC or substance

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Clusters

• Cluster A
• Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• Cluster B
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Histrionic Personality Disorder
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Cluster C
• Avoidant Personality Disorder
• Dependent Personality Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

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Cluster A - remain aloof, distrustful and shield
themselves from the anxieties of interpersonal
intimacy.

• Odd, eccentric ways of thinking or behaving
• Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others
  such that their motives are interpreted as
  malevolent
• Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Pattern of detachment from social relationships
  and a restricted range of expression of emotions
  in interpersonal settings, beginning by early
  adulthood and present in a variety of contexts
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• Pattern of social and interpersonal deficits
  marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced
  capacity for, close relationships as well as by
  cognitive or perceptual distortions and
  eccentricities of behavior

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Cluster B

• Dramatic, emotional, or erratic
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation
  of the rights of others
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Pervasion pattern of instability of interpersonal
  relationships, self-image, and affects, and
  marked impulsivity
• Histrionic Personality Disorder
• Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and
  attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood
  and present in a variety of contexts
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for
  admiration, and lack of empathy

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Conduct Disorder

• A. A repetitive and persistent pattern of
  behavior in which the basic rights of others or
  major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are
  violated (see next slides)
• B. The disturbance in behavior causes significant
  impairment in functioning
• C. If the individual is 18 years or older,
  criteria are not met for Antisocial Personality
  Disorder

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Conduct Disorder

• A (continued). Three or more of the following
  criteria in the past 12 months and at least one
  in the past 6 months
• Aggression to people and animals
• Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others
• Often initiates physical fights
• Has used a weapon that can cause serious physical
  harm to others
• Has been physically cruel to people
• Has been physically cruel to animals
• Has stolen while confronting a victim
• Has forced someone into sexual activity

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Conduct Disorder

• Destruction of property
• Has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the
  intention of causing serious damage
• Has deliberately destroyed others property
  (other than arson)
• Deceitfulness or theft
• Has broken into someone elses house, building,
  or car
• Often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid
  obligations
• Has stolen items of nontrivial value without
  confronting a victim

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Conduct Disorder

• Serious violation of rules
• Often stays out at night despite parental
  prohibitions, beginning before age 13
• Has run away from home overnight at least twice
  while living in parental or parental surrogate
  home
• Is often truant from school, beginning before age
  13

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Cluster C - efforts to control anxiety about
social rejection.

• Anxious or fearful
• Avoidant Personality Disorder
• Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings
  of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative
  evaluation
• Dependent Personality Disorder
• Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of
  that leads to submissive and clinging behavior
  and fears of separation
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
• Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with
  orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and
  interpersonal control, at the expense of
  flexibility, openness, and efficiency