Warm Up

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Warm Up

1. What is a cell?
2. What are some structures that are found within a
   cell?
3. What are the four primary elements that make up
   cells?

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Cells

• Chapter 3
• Pg. 55

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Cell Anatomy

• Cells have three main regions
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Plasma membrane

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Nucleus

• Control center of the cell that contains DNA
• Nuclear envelope- membrane or barrier that
  contains pores which allow passage of materials
• Nucleoli is the site of ribosome assembly
• Chromatin contains the DNA and is found between
  the nucleolus and the nuclear envelope

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Cytoplasm

• Consists of three parts
• Organelles
• Carry out specific functions
• Cytosol
• Fluid that suspends the organelles and inclusions
• Inclusions
• Nonfunctioning units like stored nutrients or
  waste

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Organelles

1. Mitochondria
2. Ribosomes
3. ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
4. Golgi apparatus
5. Lysosomes
6. Peroxisomes
7. Cytoskeleton
8. Centrioles

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Plasma Membrane

• The cell barrier that is responsible for
  maintaining boundaries
• Made up of
• Double layer of phospholipids
• Cholesterol
• Sugars
• Proteins

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Junctions

• Junctions exists to connect cells together
• Three types
• Tight junctions- leak proof sheets
• Desmosomes- act as anchors
• Gap junctions- allows communication with other
  cells

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Cell Types

• Cell shapes
• Disk
• Threadlike
• Toothpick
• Cube like
• Cell types
• Connect body part
• Move organs
• Store nutrients
• Cells that fight disease
• Gather information
• Reproduction

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Warm Up

1. What are some functions cells perform?
2. How do cells maintain boundaries?
3. What are the three main areas of a human cell?

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Cell Physiology

• Chapter 3
• Pg. 66

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Key Terms

• Diffusion
• Filtration
• Solute pumping
• Exocytosis
• Endocytosis

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Warm Up

1. What are the 3 main regions of a human cell?
2. How does the human body maintain homeostasis?
3. What are the 4 biomolecules?
4. List the levels of structural organization from
   simplest to most complex. How many have we
   discussed so far?

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Cell Physiology

1. Membrane transport
2. Cell division
3. Protein synthesis

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Membrane transport

• The plasma membrane of a cell is selectively
  permeable
• This means it allow some materials to pass while
  keeping others out
• This is how cells get rid of waste and receive
  nutrients and other needed materials

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Passive Transport

• The cell does not need to use its ATP (energy) to
  move materials

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Active Transport

• The cell will have to use its ATP to move
  materials through the plasma membrane.

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Membrane Transport

• In your groups research each type of transport
• Take notes on each
• Be ready to report your results to the class
• Tell how material move through the membrane

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Cell Division

• The life cycle of a cell has two major periods
• Mitosis- the division of the nucleus DNA
  replicates then
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Cytokinesis- the division of the cytoplasm

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Protein Synthesis

• This is how cells make protein
• DNA provides the code necessary to build proteins
• RNA receives the codes from the DNA and carries
  it to the ribosomes where the protein is made

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Why is protein synthesis important?

1. Proteins are used to build cells
2. Proteins perform functions for the body like
   starting chemical reactions, growth