Chapter 13 Section 2

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Chapter 13 Section 2

• Feudalism and the Manorial System

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Feudalism

• 900s most of Europe was governed by local lords
• This political and social organization led by
  these independent leaders became known
• as feudalism

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FEUDALISM

KING
LORD
KNIGHTS
PEASANTS
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Feudalism

• A noble grants land to a lesser noble
• In return gets loyalty, military assistance, and
  other services
• Fief grant of land given by a lord
• Vassal- person who receives the grant
• The vassal could divide his land and give it to
  knights
• then the vassal becomes a lord

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Feudalism

• Primogeniture- a system of inheritance from
  father to oldest son
• Women may receive land in a dowry
• Remains the property of her husband
• Lords vassals to the king
• Medieval church also practiced feudalism
• granted fiefs in return for military protection
  and service

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Manorial System

• Economic system large farming estates that
  included manor houses, cultivated lands,
  woodlands, pastures, fields, and villages
• Self sufficient societies food, clothing, and
  shelter
• Peasants
• worked the land -shared crops
• provided services -paid taxes

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Manorial System

• Located along a stream or river for water power
• Houses surround the castle for safety
• The village, vegetable plots, cultivated fields,
  pastures, and forests make up the outer area

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Peasant Life

• Serfs- peasants could not leave the land w/o the
  lords permission
• Work long hrs. in fields
• Meals- black bread, lentils, some vegetables
• Short life expectancies

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Castles

• Fortified base for the lord to protect the
  surrounding country side
• Structures made of earth and wood, stone
• Usually built on hills
• If on flat land a moat was built
• The keep a strong tower with
• workshops, barracks,
• and the lords living quarters

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Warfare

• Knights wore armor in battle and were heavily
  armed
• Chain mail- small interlocking metal links
• Iron helmets, a sword, large shield, and a lance

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Feudal Justice

• Trial by battle- a duel between accuser and
  accused determined guilt or innocence
• Compurgation- supporters swear that their person
  was telling the truth
• Trial by ordeal- accused had to either
• carry a piece of hot iron
• plunge his hand in a pot of boiling water
• survive extended immersion in cold water

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Chivalry

• A system of rules that dictated knights behavior
  towards others
• Young boys work as pages/squires under a knight
• Learn knightly manners and care for weapons
• Takes care of the knights horse, armor, and
  weapons
• If the squire proves himself in battle knight

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Code of Chivalry

• Be courageous in battle
• Loyal to friends and keep his word
• Courteous to women and the less powerful
• Required to extend courtesy only to his own class

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Coat of Arms (Heraldry)

• A graphic symbol that identified a knight
  -Represented his personal characteristics in
  battle
• Painted or stitched onto the knights shield, his
  outer coat, or his horses trappings
• Passed on through the generations

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Royal Spanish Coat of Arms
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Prince Charles of Wales
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City of Pittsburgh